CBRN Respirators7

1
NIOSH-Approved CBRN Respirators

• Terrence K. Cloonan and
  David C.
  Chirdon
  U.S. HHS, CDC, NIOSH, NPPTL, CVSDB
• 2016 Emergency Preparedness and HAZMAT Response
  Conference Pittsburgh,
  PA
  November 1-4, 2016

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Topics

• About NIOSH
• Public letters on CBRN
• CBRN approvals, UI, labels
• Live-agent testing
• Certified equipment list
• PPE levels A, B, C D
• HAZMAT team standards
• Fieldcraft

3
ABOUT NIOSH The National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health

• Mission To develop new knowledge in the field
  of occupational safety and health and to transfer
  that knowledge into practice. http//www.cdc.gov/n
  iosh/about/default.html
• Vision Safer, Healthier Workers!
• Origin The Occupational Safety and Health Act
  of 1970 established NIOSH. NIOSH is part of the
  U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,
  in the U.S. Department of Health and Human
  Services. It has the mandate to assure every man
  and woman in the nation safe and healthful
  working conditions and to preserve our human
  resources. NIOSH has more than 1,300 employees
  from a diverse set of fields including
  epidemiology, medicine, nursing, industrial
  hygiene, safety, psychology, chemistry,
  statistics, economics, and many branches of
  engineering. NIOSH works closely with the
  Occupational Safety and Health Administration
  (OSHA) and the Mine Safety and Health
  Administration, in the U.S. Department of Labor,
  to protect American workers and miners.
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/contact/officers.html

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ABOUT NPPTL The National Personal Protective
Technology Laboratory

• Mission To prevent work-related injury, illness,
  and death by advancing the state of knowledge and
  application of personal protective technologies
  (PPT), as of 6/19/16 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/nppt
  l/default.html
• Vision To be the leading provider of quality,
  relevant, and timely PPT research, training, and
  evaluation.
• Geographic location Pittsburgh, PA and
  Morgantown, WV
• PPT program relevancy to emergency responders
• CBRN respirator standards development
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/respmanuf.html
• NIOSH-approved industrial and CBRN respirators
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/
  cel/default.html
• NIOSH Fire Fighter Fatality Investigation
  Prevention program http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/
  default.html
• NIOSH Death in the Line of Duty reports
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face201509.h
  tml

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Conformity Verification and Standards Development
Branch (CVSD)

• Branch chief
• Deputy branch chief
• Senior technical coordinator
• Approval coordinator
• Program operations assistant
• Five initial reviewers physical scientists and
  engineers
• Six quality assurance reviewers
• Four standards development personnel
• One public health analyst
• Three contract personnel

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Conformity Verification and Standards Development
Branch (CVSDB)

• Approve respirators under Title 42, Code of
  Federal Regulations, Part 84 Respiratory
  Protective Devices
• Air-supplied respirators
• SCBA
• CC-SCBA
• CCER
• SAR
• CBRN SCBA
• Air-purifying respirators
• APR PAPR
• Filtering facepiece respirators
• Particulate-only filter media
• Gas and vapor filters
• CBRN APR, APER, and PAPR

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Conformity Verification and Standards Development
Branch (CVSD)

• Provides technical assistance to manufacturers,
  users, government agencies, and other interested
  parties, relative to civilian respiratory
  protective devices
• Participates in domestic and international
  standards development organizations (SDO), e.g.,
  ISO and NFPA
• Develops new standards. Currently working on
• Powered-air purifying respirator (PAPR)
• Combination unit respirator
• Respirator fit capability test

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NIOSH Approved Respirators - FY 2016 Statistics

• 89 approval holders
• 156 manufacturing sites
• 24 countries
• As of October 6, 2016

387 application decisions 314 applications
approved 73 applications denied 384 new
approvals
Average approval rate Historical 64 FY 2016
72 Requests for new approvals
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NIOSH Respiratory Protective Device (RPD)
Turn-Around Times for
Manufacturer Applications in FY 2016
Filtering facepiece respirator (FFR) (N95-P100)
application processing time 81 days
Application processing time, excluding FFR and
CBRN RPD 111 days
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NIOSH Respirator Approval Process
Electronic application package received
Hardware received
Initial fees received
Initial administrative review (Records Room)
Initial engineering review, test assignment, fee
estimate, and hardware inspection
Lab testing
PQP QA review
Final engineering review fee invoice
Final documentation letter
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(No Transcript)
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CBRN standards development matrix used in the
year 2001
General Working Population Military First Responders
Purpose Product Certification Minimum design, performance, quality Product Procurement Performance specs/ operational requirement Product Certification Enhanced design, performance, quality
User Group General worker population wide fitness levels age Physically conditioned military personnel younger age group Wide age emergency Responders better physical fitness
Hazard Toxic industrial chemicals, O2 Deficiency Fire Chemical warfare agents under battlefield scenarios Bio, chemical, rad warfare agents in extreme conditions
Operation Hazard characterized w/engineering admin. controls Hazard characterized, escape paths, dissipate w/time weathering Hazards unknown uncharacterized uncontrolled
Protection 40 hrs/week, 30 yr. with no adverse health effects Limited missions Limited casualties incapacitations Multiple short term engagement w/mild non-persistent effects
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NIOSH policy letters with statement of standards
Statement of Standard Date
CBRN SCBA (13F) (OC, PD, Carbon, 4500-2216 psig) December 28, 2001
SCBA Upgrade to CBRN Protection March 11, 2003
CBRN APR (14G) (Full facepiece, tight fitting) April 4, 2003
CBRN APER (14G) and SCER (13F) October 8, 2003
CBRN PAPR (14G) (Full facepiece, tight fitting) October 6, 2006
CBRN PAPR (23C) (Loose fitting hood) October 6, 2006
PAPR Upgrade to CBRN Protection (14G) October 6, 2006
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CBRN respirator approval process initial review
actions

• Integrated with the NIOSH traditional respirator
  approval process
• Accept the respirator manufacturer's request in
  the form of an e-application
• Is it a new or a modified testing and
  certification (TC) approval number?
• Are the engineering drawings accurate?
• What NIOSH CBRN tests are requested? What still
  need to be assigned?
• Are the test samples configured for live-agent
  testing (LAT)?
• What type and how many test requests are needed?
• When can a testing laboratory start and sustain
  local TIC LAT or remote CWA LAT?
• SCBA evaluations require sequenced or parallel
  evaluations from NIOSH, U.S. Army ECBC, in-line
  with the requirements of the NFPA 1981 standard
  as evaluated by INTERTEK and SEI. APR
  evaluations are parallel test method evaluations
  done by NIOSH U.S. Army ECBC.

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NIOSH CBRN TC Numbers by Manufacturer and RPD
Type
Manufacturer Code w/(sub-total) Respirator Type(s) Type/Technical Certification (TC) s
APP ISI (23) (Avon Protection) SCBA, APR, PAPR, and APER 12-SCBA, 8-APR, 1-PAPR 2- APER
ND1, ND2 DRA (29) (Draeger) SCBA, APR, and PAPR 26-SCBA, 2-APR, and 1-PAPR
SUR NOR (19) (Honeywell) SCBA and APR 15-SCBA, 1-APR, 1-PAPR 2-APER
ILC (3) (ILC Dover) APER and PAPR 1-PAPR and 2-APER
ISP (15) (Interspiro) SCBA 15-SCBA
MSA (41) (Mine Safety Appliance/MSA) SCBA, APR, PAPR, and APER 35-SCBA, 2-APR, 2-PAPR 2-APER
MCN (1) (Air Boss Defense) PAPR 1-PAPR
SEA (3) (Safety Equipment Australia) APR and PAPR 1-APR, 2-PAPR
STT (113) (Scott Safety) SCBA, APR, and PAPR 106-SCBA, 3-APR, and 4-PAPR
MMM (4) (3M) APR and PAPR 1-APR, 2-PAPR (14G) 1-PAPR (23C)
.
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User Instructions (UI)

• NIOSH approval label with caution limitation
  statements
• Master UI and accessory UIs
• Ease of access to UI and PPE technical manuals
• Warranty
• Fit factor and permeation and penetration factors
  for PPE
• Sanitization methods
• Decontamination practices
• Manufacturers minimum packaging configuration
  (MPC)
• Interoperability EBSS guidance

Photo Courtesy of NIOSH NPPTL and Region 13
Silver HAZMAT Truck 430, October 6, 2016.
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Non-TIC, TIC CWA LAT of respiratory protective
devices (RPD)

• Candidate SCBA (13F) system CBRN test
  representative agents are GB vapor, HD vapor, HD
  liquid, and corn-oil particulate aerosol
• Candidate APR, APER, and PAPR (14G) system CBRN
  test representative agents are GB vapor, HD
  vapor, HD liquid, corn-oil aerosol, and toxic
  industrial chemical (TIC) canister service life
  testing

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Filtration of Particles. A toxic substance
smaller than an inert/biological particle is
what? A gaseous molecule or vapor.

• Respirable particles are filtered based on
  aerodynamic size
• Similar filtration characteristics, for similarly
  sized particles
• inert particle
• biological particle
• A particle is a particle is a particle maxim
• You-Tube NIOSH publication video Particle is a
  Particle

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Particle size comparison chart shows generic
airborne hazards

• Nanoparticles have a diameter between 1 and 100
  nm (0.001-0.1 µm)

Adapted from Guidance for Filtration and
Air-Cleaning Systems to Protect Building
Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological,
or Radiological Attacks, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication
No. 2003-136.
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Special 42 CFR Part 84, 84.63(a, b, c) tests
for CBRN SCBA was a novel approach in the year
2001
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2001 SCBA benchmark initiatives

• NFPA 1981 Standard, 2007 edition, requires NIOSH
  CBRN protection. NFPA logic reads the following
• (NIOSH) Benchmark testing of non-CBRN hardened
  SCBA against chemical warfare agents (CWA)
  demonstrated that CWA could cause catastrophic
  failures within minutes of exposure.

The three photographs demonstrate NIOSH
documented SCBA catastrophic failure effects of
HD liquid and aerosol-vapor exposures in October,
2001. Photographs are courtesy of NIOSH and U.S.
Army, year 2001.
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Science translated to use is demonstrated in
NIOSH CBRN RPD caution limitation statements
(CL)
NIOSH SCBA 13F approval record SCBA manufacturer user instructions Field Recognition 13F harness label shown ?
Master paper or e-document letter Issued with each new or updated SCBA Required by NIOSH. Shows TC-number(s)
Located in official US files Normally paper copies, some on CD Located on SCBA
Proprietary drawings Multiple pages w/legal review Lists types levels of NIOSH awarded protection
Quality control plan One master UI per SCBA type NIOSH traditional and CBRN C L statements
Parts assembly matrix Accessories have UIs also CBRN Statements are Q, R, T, U
Master user instructions Warranty is found in or with UI U 6-hour mark limitation
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How to Recognize a CBRN SCBA in the Field Locate
and Read the Labels

• Five indicators of compliance
• Manufacturer operations manual/user instructions
  (UI) with new respirator
• NIOSH full approval label
  in UI of new respirator. (paper version)
• Back frame and harness assembly entire label
  NIOSH Respirator Approval 13F Label. (adhesive)
• Back frame and harness assembly decals NFPA
  compliance SEI decals. (adhesive)
• Back frame and harness assembly abbreviated
  protections label CDC/ NIOSH CBRN Agent
  Approved label, with and without Retrofit term
  added. (adhesive)

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New CBRN SCBA retrofitted CBRN SCBA adhesive
labels on backframes, two versions

• b

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NFPA 1981 Standard, editions 1997, 2002, 2007 and
2013 Common labels
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Non-CBRN SCBA Metal labels stickers

• If the NIOSH CBRN Agent Approved label is not
  on the back frame and harness assembly, the SCBA
  should not be used in CBRN environments. But a
  HAZMAT environment?
• For each NIOSH-approved CBRN SCBA there may also
  be a similar model that is non-CBRN and used for
  traditional firefighting, industrial emergencies
  like HAZMAT, or SWAT/HAZSWAT.
• An example is a non-CBRN model can be NIOSH only.
  Or NIOSH-NFPA only (non-CBRN). Or NIOSH-only with
  CBRN parts applied and a non-NFPA sticker
  applied identifying lack of NFPA 1981 compliancy.
• LEPC A unique sticker attesting to
  non-compliancy may be present. Always retain
  /read the UI.

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Training for SCBA Technicians

• Approval holder is primary training source for
  public safety SCBA technicians
• Periodicity of training Per the manufacturer
• Day-in-day-out experience with the SCBA
• Level II techs at a fire department
• Level III techs at a service center
• NFPA 1852,4.9.3 Reads the authority having
  jurisdiction (AHJ) shall maintain evidence of
  technician training and competency. must be
  members of the AHJ.

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Credentialed SCBA Technician Field Duties

• Serviceability Guru
• Found in various municipalities
• Operates a breathing machine test device
• NFPA 1852 allowable maintenance focus
• Upgrades/retrofits
• Fair-wear-and-tear
• Experience factor
• Primary alternates

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CBRN APR LAT Full face, tight fitting

• 8 hours of GB LAT
• 8 hours of HD vapor LAT
• 2 hours of HD liquid LAT at six hour mark of 8
  hour duration
• Laboratory respirator protection level (LRPL)
  corn-oil QNFT per UI
• Durability conditioning human factors analysis
  per UI
• Plus toxic industrial chemical (TIC) test
  representative agent (TRA) service life tests on
  filtration media

.
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Seven TRA Families

• 1- Organic vapor family 61 compounds with
  vapor pressures less than cyclohexane. TRA is
  cyclohexane
• 2 Acid gas family 32 compounds covered by the
  TRAs of SO2, H2S, CNCL, COCL2 and HCN
• 3- Base gas family 4 compounds covered by TRA of
  NH3 (ammonia)
• 4- Hydride family 4 compounds covered by the TRA
  of phosphine
• 5- Nitrogen oxide family 5 compounds covered by
  the TRA of nitrogen dioxide
• 6- Formaldehyde family 1 compound and it is
  covered by the TRA of formaldehyde
• 7- Particulate family 32 particulates
  covered by the TRA of DOP

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CBRN APR PAPR are durability conditioned by
NIOSH in manufacturer specified minimum packaging
configurations (MPC)
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How do you store a NIOSH-approved CBRN APR for
use?

• CBRN APR and PAPR
  may require special
  components to maintain the APR for safe use and
  are part of the MPC
• Breathing tube covers
• Facepiece mask skins
• Facepiece lens outserts

Failure to use the protective covers, butyl
skins, eyepiece lens outserts or the required
carriers configured in the minimum packaging
configuration (MPC), as approved by NIOSH,
can/may result in permeation or penetration of
chemical warfare agents through the CBRN APR or
PAPR system assembly.
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Examples of CBRN APR canisters with required
Labels
34
Examples of common CBRN APR filtration media MPC
35
Example of a CBRN APR Canister (Full) Paper Label
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CBRN PAPR LAT times, QNFT, TRA and common
approved use traits are -----

• 8 hours of GB LAT
• 8 hours of HD Vapor LAT
• 2 hours of HD Liquid LAT
• LRPL Corn-Oil QNFT and TRAs
• Powered-air purifying respirator PAPR
• CBRN PAPR can be tight fitting or loose fitting.
• Belt mounted or back packed
• Normally 2-3 canisters or cartridges per blower
  assembly

.
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CBRN PAPR canisters (tight fitting) cartridges
(loose fitting) examples

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Dual Purpose Filtration Media

• Canister and cartridge components of CBRN PAPR
  APR
• NIOSH evaluates CBRN air-purifying filter service
  life for concentrations of agent/chemical
  compound penetration at various flow rates,
  concentrations, and laboratory test durations
• A CBRN filter service life test time is
  identified in 15-minute intervals
  (CBRN Cap 1 15 minutes, Cap
  2 30 minutes, etc.)
• Actual field or in-use service life is not the
  CBRN CAP time rating
• Consult the manufacturer and industrial hygienist
  for additional information
• One style of canister can be rated for both CBRN
  APR CBRN PAPR use, per the manufacturer as
  stated on its NIOSH abbreviated paper label
• A CBRN APR/PAPR canister or cartridge change
  schedule should be established before use, by the
  authority having jurisdiction
• Under crisis provisions, CBRN APR canisters are
  interoperable with different brands of
  NIOSH-approved CBRN APR, but CBRN PAPR canisters
  are not.

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CBRN APER for the General Working Population
40
NIOSH Certified Equipment List (CEL) online
source of respirator approvals

• NIOSH CEL http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/r
  espirators/CEL/default.html
• Two working databases available
• One interim legacy CEL and one new 2016
  reformatted CEL
• Key functions of the NIOSH CEL
• Secure list of NIOSH-approved devices
• Allows qualitative selection of devices
• Allows location of replacement parts
• Allows learning of what is CBRN rated
• Example CBRN SCBA CEL link https//www2a.cdc.gov/
  drds/cel/cel_cbrn_results.asp?startrecord1maxrec
  ords50SearchQScbrncbrn_scba

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Relevant references for understanding PPE Levels
A, B, C, and D are as follows

• OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910.120, .132, .134, and .156
• EPA 40 CFR Part 311
• HHS 42 CFR Part 84
• NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/EPA Hazardous Waste Site Manual
• NIOSH Respiratory Protection Program, In Health
  Care Facilities, Administrator's Guide TB
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
• NIOSH Guide to Selection/Use of Particulate
  Respirators
• Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
  references

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Written respiratory protection program and the
OSHA permissible practice of Controls Hierarchy
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OSHA 1910.134 Standard 19 areas of a RPP

• 29 CFR 1910.134 Respiratory Protection Standard
  with 2009 update
• Permissible practice Hierarchy of control
  measures
• Definitions 35 terms
• Respiratory Protection Program (RPP) scope and
  provisions
• EVALUATION - of Hazards, initial training,
  selection, Assigned Protection Factors (APF)
  Maximum Use Concentration (MUC), and oxygen
  deficient atmospheres
• MEDICAL - evaluation, clearance, periodicity,
  disqualifiers, and claims of users
• FIT TESTING - and evaluation of tight fitting
  respirators
• ESTABLISHMENT - of worksite control procedures
  for proper use by wearers
• MAINTENANCE - and care of respirators used by
  employees
• BREATHING AIR - quality, its use in SCBA and SAR
  and SCBA for escape
• FILTRATION - identification of filters,
  cartridges, and canisters for air-purifying
  respirators
• USE - training on mandatory/voluntary use,
  evaluation of use, and where use is not required
• ARCHIVE OF RECORDS- recordkeeping, activation of
  RPP, and termination of RPP
• AUDITS - systematic program evaluation of users
  and administrators
• Appendices A, B-1, B-2, C, and D - Four are
  mandatory, D is voluntary use
• And the effective date of the program with a
  signature block

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Selection of Respirators One way of doing it..

• Use a national rule, standard, or guide as a
  required decision aid
• ID evaluate hazards OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134
  (d)(1)(iii) The employer shall identify and
  evaluate the respiratory hazard(s) in the
  workplace
• Reasonable estimate of the employee exposures and
  an identification of the contaminants chemical
  state and physical form.
• Where the employer cannot identify or reasonably
  estimate the exposure, the employer shall
  consider the atmosphere to be immediately
  dangerous to life and health (IDLH).
• Select a NIOSH-certified respirator OSHA 29 CFR
  1910.134 (d)(1)(ii) The employer shall select a
  NIOSH-certified respirator. The respirator shall
  be used in compliance with the conditions of its
  certification.
• Select/offer multiple sizes, models, and makes
  OSHA 29CFR 1910.134 (d)(1) (iv) The employer
  shall select (offer) respirators from a
  sufficient number of respirator models and sizes
  so that the respirator (selected) is acceptable
  to correctly fits the user.
• 2004 NIOSH Respirator Selection Logic
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-100/
  Paragraph B, (7) and Section III, Respirator
  Selection Logic Sequence, Step 1 Is the
  respirator intended
  for use during firefighting?

45
Who is your responsible individual? Does he/she
publish HAZMAT team standards?

• Private business owner
• Career fire department chief
• Volunteer fire department chief
• Police department chief
• Borough mayor or safety manager
• City director of public safety
• County department of emergency services director
• State director of emergency management agency
• State/federal urban search rescue (USR) task
  force commander
• Employers apply the workplace hierarchy of safety
  control measures. Responsible individual line
  officer enforce the correct and recognized
  appropriate use of PPE.

46
Examples of State/Commonwealth HAZMAT team
standards
PEMA Directive Number D2014-02, HAZMAT Team State
Certification and Re-Certification Criteria,
March 19, 2014 New York Homeland Security and
Emergency Services, Fire Prevention and Control,
New York State Certifications for HAZMAT first
responder operations, HAZMAT technician, and
HAZMAT advanced technician http//www.dhses.ny.go
v/ofpc/training/fire-academy/state-certifications.
cfm15 Accessed on October 24, 2016

• .

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Do State or Commonwealth directives specify the
need for NIOSH-approved respirators?
PEMA, Emergency Management Directive No. D99-2,
Certified HAZMAT Response Teams in
Pennsylvania, October 1, 1999 PEMA Directive
Number D2014-02, HAZMAT Team State Certification
and Re-Certification Criteria, March 19, 2014
48
P.E.M.A. HAZMAT directive focus
PEMA Directive Number D2014-02, HAZMAT Team
State Certification and Re-Certification
Criteria, March 19, 2014 Per D2014-02,
Pennsylvania HAZMAT teams must meet ? OSAHA 29
CFR 1910.120 ? NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/EPA
Publication No. 85-115 ? and the NFPA 472
standard

• .

49
Respirator fieldcraft in regional HAZMAT
companies

• SCBA ready-rack capability
• SCBA conversion to RIT air source
• CBRN APR-decon operations
• CBRN PAPR-decon operations
• Non-CBRN FFR (N95)- pandemic
• Decontamination trailer-mass casualty direct
  support
• Team asset with item inventory List
• One GP Medium tent, one water heater, boxes of
  FFR N-95s, boxes of CBRN APR
• Mitigation and decontamination roles
• Pristine condition
• Warm zone layout map

50
SCBA in local HAZMAT Companies

• SCBA Ready Rack
• Ease of access is optimum
• 10-12 SCBA on a roll-out rack in truck
• Facepiece with or adjacent to SCBA
• 4000 psig or higher cylinder pressure maintained
• 60 minute cylinders most common
• 30, 45, 60 , 75 minute cylinders exist
• 2216, 4500 psig and 5500 psig ratings
• Field SCBA on Ready Rack
• Both CBRN and non-CBRN present
• CBRN are NFPA 19812002 edition
• Facepieces are in separate carriers
• Closed-circuit SCBA need

51
Modified SCBA as a live saving device

• HAZMAT truck needs a downed responder life
  saving air capability
• RIT/RIC Rapid Intervention Team/Crew
• One modified SCBA is a RIT SCBA per truck
• No facepiece with the device
• 4000 psig or higher pressure maintained
• 60 minute legacy cylinder assigned
• 4500 psig rated
• Legacy regulator
• Field modified SCBA is RIT device
• Stored on HAZMAT truck
• Legacy cylinder in use. Check hydro stamp
• RIT cylinder is attached to SCBA backframe
• No SCBA shoulder or belt straps present
• RIT device SOP

52
SCBA maintenance notes

• Contracted repairs and service are local
• Grant purchased SCBA
• Cost of replacing current SCBA
• RIT supplied air devices
• NFPA 14072015 edition, Standard for training
  fire service rapid intervention crews (RIC)
  http//www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/all-codes-
  and-standards/list-of-codes-and-standards?modecod
  ecode1407
• SCBA sub-components tagged for repair showing
  Fair-Wear-and-Tear
• Integrated PASS
• Regulator connection housing
• Replacement head harnesses for facepieces

53
RPD in local HAZMAT TM

• HAZMAT truck carries Levels A, B, C PPE
• 13F SCBA, 14G APR, and 14G PAPR
• Individual respirators.
• SCBA called a BA or Air-Pak
• APR, PAPR FFR called a respirator.
• All are NIOSH-approved respirators
• CBRN CAP 1 canisters present
• P100 filters stored in bin
• All assigned workers are RPD fit tested
• CBRN APR Storage
• Stored in tactical black carrier on HAZMAT truck
• Facepieces stored in adjacent spaces.
• Canisters in sealed boxes. Facepieces in carriers
  in bins

54
CBRN APR in local HAZMAT Companies

• APR canister in Open Air Training Can
• 14G Gas Mask canister
• Pristine condition
• Manufacturer olive drab (OD) green adhesive CBRN
  APR CAP 1 label visible

55
Local PPE field craft common observations of use

• Observation Trends
• Level A- Proximity encapsulated
• Level B Non-encapsulated
• Turn-out gear as Level C
• Regional HAZMAT Teams with companies assigned by
  category of incident type RAD, WMD, Navigable
  Waterways, Industrial HAZMAT
• Regional EMS HAMMER squad(s)
• SWAT with APR only. Some SCBA
• Patrol with APER or APR only

56
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards-ongoing
updates

• Silver cover paper copy
• CD and on-line sources https//www.cdc.gov/niosh/
  npg/pgintrod.html
• Mobile app http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/mobilepoc
  ketguide.html
• 698 compounds
• 16 compartmental sections of information per
  listed compound
• IDLH values
• Chemical formula synonyms
• Exposure routes symptoms
• Exposure limits
• Physical description
• Measurement methods
• Respirator recommendations

57
NIOSH CBRN publications

• NIOSH Fact Sheet, Whats special about CBRN SCBA?
  NIOSH Pub No. 2011-183 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/d
  ocs/2011-183/
• NIOSH Fact Sheet, NIOSH approval labels key
  information to protect yourself NIOSH
  Publication No. 2011-179 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/
  docs/2011-179/
• NIOSH Fact Sheet, Whats special about CBRN APR?
  NIOSH Pub No. 2013-157 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/do
  cs/2013-157/
• NIOSH Fact Sheet, Whats special about CBRN
  PAPR? NIOSH Pub No. 2013-156 http//www.cdc.gov/ni
  osh/docs/2013-156/

58
New NIOSH publications impacting CBRN respirators

• NIOSH Fact Sheet, Use of Aftermarket Replacement
  Component Parts http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016
  -107/pdfs/2016-107.pdf
• NIOSH Policy Letter-Update to CBRN APR, Low
  Profile Filter, 5/20/16 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/
  npptl/resources/pressrel/letters/manufacturers/ltt
  r-05202016.html
• NIOSH Policy Letter-Evaluation and Acceptance of
  EBSS into SCBA, 2/18/14 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/n
  pptl/resources/pressrel/letters/interestedparties/
  lttr-02182014.html
• HHS Final Rule, SCBA EOSTI-33, effective
  2/13/2013 https//www.federalregister.gov/document
  s/2013/01/14/2013-00371/self-contained-breathing-a
  pparatus-remaining-service-life-indicator-performa
  nce-requirements
• NIOSH Resources Page Hospital Respiratory
  Protection, 8/10/2016 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/np
  ptl/hospresptoolkit/default.html

59
Single observation of respirators identified for
fire academy work

• Fire instructor SCBA backframe and harness
  assembly blackenedw/soot
• Live Flash-over training is soot source
• Live-burn training exercises can occur
• A State fire commissioner live burn policy exists
• With vetted permission, barns residential
  structures can be used as live-burn training aids
  for training exercises

60
Charred PPE Is it Safe to Use?

• Purpose for wearing charred PPE?
• Residue build up on helmet, SCBA, turnout gear,
  and tools
• Potential respiratory exposure
• Potential dermal exposure
• Know the user instructions- observe the design
  limitations
• Recommended to not exceed the manufacturer or
  NFPA specifications of technical evaluation or
  wear
• Shower within the Hour!

61
2016 and Beyond

• NFPA 1981 2013 edition CBRFN SCBA are
  commercially available for purchase
• NIOSH acknowledges the contributions of ECBC,
  NFPA, SEI, FEMA Assistance to Firefighter Grant
  Program and the affected approval holders
• NIOSH has worked to enhance the NIOSH-ECBC
  inter-agency agreement in 2016 and into 2017
• Five areas of additional oversight of NIOSH
  projects
• CASARM grade or equivalent grade quality toxin
• A proposed NIOSH specification for LAT CWA purity
  is under development
• Alternative laboratory initiatives continue in
  the U.S. and abroad

Going on-air with a NIOSH CBRN SCBA.
Photograph is courtesy of Terrence K. Cloonan,
NIOSH, and former Deputy Director Al Wickline,
Allegheny County Fire Academy, PA
62
Summary

• Five NIOSH CBRN respirator standards
• NIOSH CBRN LAT evaluates individual complete
  respirators
• CBRN LAT system challenge agents are GB, HD, and
  corn oil
• CBRN LAT canister service life challenge agents
  are 7 TRAs
• NIOSH issues CBRN respirator approvals to
  recognized approval holders
• Recognized approval holders market respirators as
  NIOSH CBRN Agent Approved
• NIOSH maintains a certified equipment list, the
  CEL. CBRN approvals are there.
• In PA, HAZMAT teams fall under OSHA HAZWOPER.
  OSHA requires NIOSH-approved RPD
• Both NIOSH-non CBRN and NIOSH CBRN approved
  respirators are in HAZMAT Teams
• Contamination recognition, avoidance, and shower
  within the hour field crafts
• Know the limits of assigned PPE

63
In Appreciation NIOSH NPPTL acknowledges and
thanks Mr. Glenn Cannon, Esq, LEPC Mr. Rick
Colella, Hazardous Materials Coordinator,
Department of Emergency Services, County of
Allegheny, PA Mr. Kevin OMalley, Department of
Emergency Services, County of Allegheny, PA and
Division Chief Steve Imbarlina, Allegheny County
Fire Academy, Pennsylvania. The lead author also
thanks John Sporrer, Dave Chirdon, Jeff Peterson,
Bob Stein, and Kerri Wizner (CTR) of NIOSH NPPTL
for administrative and technical publication
reviews.DISCLAIMER The findings and
conclusions in this presentation are those of the
authors and do not necessarily represent the
views of the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) and should not be
construed to represent any agency determination
or policy. Mention of any respirator or personal
protective equipment (PPE) company, product,
policy, or the inclusion of any stakeholder
reference does not constitute endorsement by
NIOSH. The presentation is provided only as a
guide to assist workers in complying with OSHA 29
CFR Part 1910.134. It is not intended to
supersede the requirements detailed in the OSHA
regulation. Users should review the current OSHA
and NIOSH standards and other federal, state,
county or local requirements which are
applicable. All local fire service HAZMAT field
photographs used in this presentation were taken
by NIOSH NPPTL, with the permission of the local
authority having jurisdiction.
64
In conclusion, NIOSH-approved CBRN respirators
offer increased levels of respiratory protection
to trained regional HAZMAT and private LEPC
responders, that are not otherwise available in
non-CBRN rated respirators. If in doubt, go
on-air, work on-air, and exit on-air.
Characterize the air before downgrading to
negative pressure respirators. Doff respirator
and work suit under controlled conditions and
shower within the hour of work complete, to
limit dermal and respiratory off-gas
contamination spread and exposure (dose).
Use
PPE within the limitations of the approval and
technical design.

• Instructors Terrence K. Cloonan and David C.
  Chirdon
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and
  Health National Personal Protective Technology
  Laboratory
  Bruceton Research Center
  
  626 Cochrans Mill Road,
  Pittsburgh, PA 15236
  
  [phone]/5216 info_at_cdc.gov
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl

65
Other Relevant References

• OSHA 3352-02 2009, Assigned Protection Factors
  for the Revised Respiratory Protection Standard,
  February 2009
• OSHA e-Tool, Respiratory Protection
  http//www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/respiratory/index.
  html
• Is it a replica SCBA cylinder/valve assembly?
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/
  firescbacylinder.html
• Need a respirator user notice?
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/usernotices/default
  .html
• Need OSHA HAZWOPER training
  http//www.oshahazwopertraining.com/
• Shower within the Hour, New Zealand Fire,
  http//www.stuff.co.nz/the-press/news/north-canter
  bury/78465276/shower-within-the-hour-policy-at-new
  -rangiora-fire-station

66
Questions?
Photo credited to Officer Scott Hurley, San
Francisco Police Department, CA
67
Back up information

• HAZMAT incident trends for 2016
• Local media and LEPC reports
• One significant life taking HAZMAT incident per
  year (average response rate). Pipelines,
  Marcellus Shale, house fires, live-burns.
• Hoaxes
• Railcar safety
• DOT compliant truck transport safety
• Private industry HAZMAT and HAZWOPER safety
• Elicit drug production and TIC use sources
• METH and Opioids
• THC
• Suicide compounds and notes