CBRN Respirators4

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SCBA Technicals
22nd U.S. Navy Joint Safety
Occupational Health Professional Development
Conference, Cloud-Based Training March 10-14,
2014 Terrence K. Cloonan National Personal
Protective Technology Laboratory Pittsburgh,
PA
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IH Track SCBA Overview

• NPPTL Introduction
• Mission standards
• Respirator approval program
• SCBA Technicals
• Definition description
• New publications and letters
• OSHA selection criteria
• Required use, recognition, maintenance standards
  levels, ECBC, NFPA, cautions limitations,
  EBSS, technician training, and field observations

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Agency Hierarchy
HHS
Department of Health and Human Services
CDC
Centers for Disease Control and ATSDR
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health
NIOSH
NPPTL
National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory
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Personal Protective Technology (PPT) Standards

• NPPTL activity focus
• national
• international standards
• Enables research 2 practice (R2P)
• Relevance of research
• Impact of research
• Quality science
• Peer-reviewed science
• Published

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Respirator Approval Program
More than 8500 approvals issued
93 manufacturers 102 manufacturing sites 22
countries
US, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China,
Columbia, Denmark, England, Finland, Germany,
India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia,
Mexico, New Zealand, Taiwan, Thailand, Sweden
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Open-Circuit, Pressure Demand, Self-Contained
Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Respirator

• The term Respirator is defined in 42 CFR Part
  84, 84.2 - means any device designed to
  provide the wearer with respiratory protection
  against inhalation of a hazardous substance.
• SCBA written description is in 84.70, (13F
  schedule) - includes all completely assembled,
  portable self-contained devices designed for use
  as respiratory protection during entry into and
  escape from, or escape-only from, hazardous
  atmospheres and provides a local source of grade
  D breathing air to the user while maintaining a
  positive pressure in the facepiece-to-human
  face sealing surfaces

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CBRN SCBA Approvals

• Based on
• Compliance with all relevant 42 CFR 84
  requirements
• Demonstrated resistance to chemical warfare
  agents through laboratory testing
• Successful completion of a laboratory respirator
  protection level (LRPL) test
• Quantitative fit tested with corn oil particulate
• Compliance to most recent version of NFPA 1981
  standard for open-circuit SCBA respirators

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New Publications Letters

• CIB 66, Derivation of IDLH Values, Publication
  No. 2014-100 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-10
  0/
• Respirator Users Notice, Use of After Market
  Component Parts, February 27, 2014
• Letter to All Interested Parties, Evaluation and
  Acceptance of Emergency Breathing Support Systems
  (EBSS) Incorporated into SCBA Approvals, February
  18, 2014
• Respirator Users Notice, CWA Testing for NIOSH
  CBRN Respirator Approvals, 11/27/13

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OSHA Permissible Practice
Hierarchy of Controls
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SCBA Required Recommended Use

• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134, RP Standard
• OSHA Pub 3352-02, 2009, APFs
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146, Confined Space
• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.156, Industrial Fire Brigade
• FEMA USFA-TR-088, Prev. of SCBA Failures
• NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/EPA Pub 85-115, OSHWS
• NIOSH Pub 87-116, Guide to Industrial RP
• CDC NIOSH Alert, September 1994
• NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
  698 compounds listed SCBA selection
  listed for 514

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Selection Criteria

• Use a national rule, standard, or guide.
• ID Evaluate Hazards OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134
  (d)(1)(iii) The employer shall identify and
  evaluate the respiratory hazard(s) in the
  workplace
• Reasonable estimate of the employee exposures and
  an identification of the contaminants chemical
  state and physical form.
• Where the employer cannot identify or reasonably
  estimate the exposure, the employer shall
  consider the atmosphere to be IDLH.
• Select a NIOSH-certified Respirator OSHA 29 CFR
  1910.134 (d)(1)(ii) The employer shall select a
  NIOSH-certified respirator. The respirator shall
  be used in compliance with the conditions of its
  certification.
• Select/Offer Multiple Sizes, Models, and Makes
  OSHA 29CFR 1910.134 (d)(1) (iv) The employer
  shall select (offer) respirators from a
  sufficient number of respirator models and sizes
  so that the respirator (selected) is acceptable
  to correctly fits the user.
• 2004 NIOSH Respirator Selection Logic
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-100/
  Paragraph B, (7) and Section III
  Respirator Selection Logic Sequence, Step
  1 Is the respirator intended
  for use during firefighting?

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How to Recognize a CBRN SCBA

• 5 indicators of compliance
• Manufacturer operations manual/user instructions
  (UI) with new respirator
• NIOSH Full Approval Label
  (paper version) in UI of new respirator
• Back frame and harness assembly Entire label
  NIOSH Respirator Approval 13F Label (adhesive)
• Back frame and harness assembly decals NFPA
  compliance SEI decals (adhesive)
• Back frame and harness assembly abbreviated
  protections label CDC/ NIOSH CBRN Agent
  Approved label with and without
  Retrofit (adhesive)

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SCBA Maintenance Standards Levels

• OSHA 29 CFR 1910.134 (h)(4)(i) Repairs or
  adjustments of respirators are to be made only by
  persons appropriately trained to perform such
  operations and shall use only the respirator
  manufacturers NIOSH-approved parts designed for
  that respirator. 1910.134 (h) to (i) and (k)
  paragraphs apply.
• OSHA Pub 3352-02, 2009, APFs Table 1, Assigned
  Protection Factors (APF) awards 10,000 APF value
  to pressure demand or other positive pressure
  mode SCBA. APF is only effective when the
  employer implements a continuing effective
  respiratory protection program to include
  training, fit testing, maintenance, and use
  requirements. The APF does not apply when used
  solely for escape.
• 42 CFR Part 84 84.31 (b) The certificate of
  approval shall specifically set forth any
  restrictions or limitations on the respirators
  use in hazardous atmospheres. NIOSH caution and
  limitation (CL) statements I, J, M, N, O S all
  directly/indirectly refer to maintenance. For
  example, CL J Failure to properly use and
  maintain this product could result in injury or
  death.
• NIOSH/OSHA/USCG/EPA Pub 85-115 Maintenance
  Levels 1,2, 3
• NIOSH Pub 87-116 Figure 4-3 is a model SCBA test
  bench facility diagram

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SCBA Voluntary Standards

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
• 1852 Selection, Care Maintenance of OC-SCBA
• 4.3.6 SCBA maintenance in RPP is per chapter 7
• 1404 Fire Service Respiratory Protection
  Training
• 1500 FD Occupational Safety Health Program
• 1981 OC-SCBA for Emergency Services
• 1982 Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS)
• SEI Inc. http//www.seinet.org/search/search.php
• ANSI Z88.2 Respiratory Protection(w) Z88.10
  Fit Testing
• IAFF Dispatch - SCBA Use Medical Requirements

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CWA Testing for NIOSH CBRN User Notice

• NIOSH employs the U.S. Army ECBC to conduct the
  chemical warfare agent (CWA) testing portion of
  the NIOSH chemical, biological, radiological, and
  nuclear (CBRN) respirator evaluation and testing
  program
• ECBC notified NIOSH on November 18, 2013, of US
  Army ECBC errors in the live-agent challenge
  concentrations generated from 07/2012 to 10/2013
• NIOSH issued a user notice on 11/27/13. CBRN SCBA
  compliant to the NFPA 1981 standards issued as
  1997, 2002, and 2007 editions are not adversely
  impacted.
• Since 12/12/2013 NPPTL, the ECBC Office of the
  Director, and the ECBC Protective Equipment
  Testing Branch (PETB) have been verifying
  validating corrective actions retesting
  submitted respirators

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NFPA 1981/1982 SCBA Compliance Labels

• SEI sticker markings demonstrate compliance
• Multiple adhesive stickers
• SEI labels on the SCBA indicate which edition of
  the NFPA standard was in effect
• Technology improvements are made every 5 years
• SCBA of 19811997 2002 editions may have NIOSH
  CBRN protection but. ? NFPA 19812013
  requires SCBA be NIOSH CBRN protected

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NIOSH CBRN SCBA Cautions Limitations
NIOSH SCBA 13F Approval SCBA User Instructions SCBA harness label shown
Master paper or e-document Issued with each new SCBA Required by NIOSH. Shows TC-Number
Located in official US files Normally paper copies Located on SCBA
Proprietary drawings Multiple pages w/legal review Lists types levels of protection
Quality control plan One master UI per SCBA type Traditional CL statements
Parts assembly matrix Accessories have UIs also CBRN CL Q, R, T, U
Master user instructions Warranty is found in UI U 6-hour mark use limitation
jjjjjK
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NIOSH EBSS Letter

• Published February 18, 2014, to all interested
  parties
• Applicable only to SCBA meeting the requirements
  of NFPA 1981, 2013 edition, or subsequent
  editions
• NIOSH will recognize NFPA 19812013 compliant
  EBSS subcomponents as a part of the NIOSH SCBA
  approval for users who have received the
  appropriate level of training
• The letters EBSS will appear on the NIOSH label
• NIOSH will require the manufacturers user
  instructions to provide EBSS training information
  until such time that NFPA 1404, NFPA 1500, and
  OSHA requirements are revised
• e
• orms

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NIOSH EBSS Letter Continuum

• NIOSH caution and limitation statement impact
• EBSS letters on the NIOSH label with statement
  words that read activation or engagement of
  EBSS in either the donor or receiver mode changes
  the SCBA use to ESCAPE-ONLY. The approved
  service time of the rated cylinder for either the
  donor or the receiver is no longer applicable.
  etc
• S EBSS may not be engaged or activated in donor
  mode after the EOSTI has activated.
• S Users must be fully trained per NFPA
  1404/1500
• S Simultaneous connection of more than two
  users (one donor and one receiver) is not
  permitted

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Training for Technicians

• Approval holder is primary training resource
• Found in DoD, DOJ, DOE FEMA
• Periodicity
• Day-In-Day-Out SCBA experience
• Level II Fire Department
• Level III- Service Center
• NFPA 1852, 4.9.3. Reads AHJ shall
  maintain evidence of
  technician training and competency

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Credentialed SCBA Technician

• Serviceability Guru
• Recognized certificate
• Operates a breathing machine test device
• NFPA 1852 allowable maintenance focus
• Upgrades/retrofits
• Fair-wear-and-tear
• Experience factor
• Primary alternates
• Hand-tool centric

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NFPA 1852 Key Actions Summary

• 5.1.8. SCBA selection for purchase criteria
  from AHJ
• 7.1.1 7.1.2. SCBA user inspection frequency
  inspection specification checklist covering 47
  actions
• 7.2.1- 7.2.4.6. Technicians conduct inspections
  and maintenance actions that require all SCBA to
  be tested on a breathing machine as defined
  in NFPA 18527.5.6 in accordance with AHJ
  SOPS, or manufacturer UI, whichever is more
  frequent, but in all cases, annually.
• 7.3.- 7.4. Breathing air cylinder filling
  Hydro-Test
• 7.5. Testing of SCBA 7.5.1 to 7.5.6 - SCBA
  shall be tested at least annually on a breathing
  machine capable of performing 12 tests listed in
  7.5.2-.6 in a 99 step sequence, at 103 L/min,
  85 L/min, 40 L/min work rates.

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Maintenance

• Daily inspection and repair
• In-Service status retention
• Parts O-ring lubrication
• Storage, cleaning, sanitization, disinfection,
  reuse
• Fit testing, cylinder service, EOSTI values,
  EBSS use
• PPE compatibility with SCBA
• Maintenance levels
• 1/I User or Wearer
• 2/II Shop Technician
• 3/III Factory/Overhaul

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Qualifications for Level 1 Maintenance

• Firefighter 1 Certificate covers 23 tasks. SCBA
  use is task 7. Within task 7, IFSTA/NFAA
  require 5 inspection and maintenance sub-tasks,
  to include servicing cylinders
• Firefighter 2 Certificate covers 23 tasks, plus
  17 additional tasks, with specialty areas
• SCBA User Instructions (UI) NIOSH does not
  certify the use of the SCBA, only the technical
  requirements it is built to

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Level 1/I Maintenance Training

• Who trains the actual wearer of the SCBA?
  Initial purchase, fire academies, on-station,
  self training/reading the UI, You-Tube viewing,
  OJT.
• Who conducts approval holder private industry
  courses for refresher training?
• Who trains the DOT re-tester?
• Periodicity?
• Senior trains the novice
• SCBA technician linkage

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User Instructions Relate to Level 1/I

• New SCBA are shipped with
  10-15-25 paper documents
• The master user instructions have a litany
  of specific actions written in
  legal language
  ? Regular operational inspections
• ? Use of the respirator data logging
  guidance
• ? RIC UAC emergency use
• ? Low temp operations emergency operations
• ? Cylinder replacement procedures
• ? Cleaning storage respirator markings,
  etc.
• But performance of maintenance beyond the routine
  cleaning regular operational inspections
  requires a specialist level maintenance trained
  individual (P/N 595118-01)

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UI Comparison to Level 1/I

• SCBA UI contain a NIOSH approval
  label, sequential user actions,
  technology diagrams for a r for a trained
  wearer to interpret
• Typical SCBA user instructions
  have a litany of specific actions, i.e
  ?Regular operational inspections
• ? Use of the respirator and data logging
• ? RIC UAC emergency use
• ? Low temp emergency operations
• ? Cylinder replacement procedures
• ? Cleaning storage respirator markings
  etc.
• Butperformance of maintenance beyond the routine
  cleaning operational inspections requires a
  certified technician

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Breathing-Air Technicians Level 2/II

• Found in Authorized Service Centers
• Private industry training courses
• Periodicity initial fielding and follow-ups
• Upgrades vs cost pricing
• Calibration hydrostatic test specialists
• High level of pneumatic air science knowledge

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Level 2/II or 3/III

• Usually geared to one or two brands of SCBA as a
  brand specific authorized service center/PPE
  distributor
• DOT licensed cylinder re-tester Hydro
• Repairs/spare parts
• Apply upgrades
• Local business
• Seasoned owners

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Approval Holder Maintenance Level III

• Level 3/III or higher Respirator
  manufacturer writes the maintenance requirements
• Does all warranty work not done by authorized
  service centers
• May build a breathing device
• Manages a quality control plan
• Trains all maintenance techs
• May rent-out SCBA and kits
• Publishes SCBA test data log forms and tool kit
  lists

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Maintenance Using Devices and Kits

• Locations Kits breathing devices are found at
  local service centers, municipality public safety
  departments, approval holder factories.
• Breathing device for annual 1981/1852 SCBA flow
  tests
• NIST traceable
• Calibration requirements
• SCBA static-test kits are available from the
  approval holder.

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Field Observations of SCBA
Observations SCBA Part/Condition Analysis and Remedy
1) Not properly cleaned and disinfected before each use Facepieces and regulators Level I user gig. Normally remedied by user/wearer, with or without field technician/tech supervision
2) Missing parts during pre-inspection Chest straps nose cups, inlet discs User gig. Remedied by tech parts resupply repair
3) Damaged or worn-out indicators on respirator during pre- and post-use Straps, lenses, nose cups, regulators, backpack assemblies Maintenance deadline gig causes field replacement of part by SCBA technician
4) Structural or thermal damage during pre-inspection or while in-use Regulators, backpack assemblies and harnesses, cylinders Maintenance deadline gig that requires SCBA technician inspection, repair and/or part replacement
5) Components that are out-of-specification or are after-market parts Cylinders out of hydro. Cylinders beyond service life or overfilled SCBA technician inspection and warranty review. Requires factory level fix

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Publications Specific to SCBA

• NIOSH Fact Sheet Whats Special
  About CBRN SCBA? Publication No. 2011-183 August
  2011 http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-183/
• NIOSH Fact Sheet NIOSH Approval
  Labels Key Information to Protect Yourself,
  Publication No. 2011-179 May 2011
  http//www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-179/

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Software Data Base of Approvals

• NIOSH certified equipment list (CEL)
• NIOSH CBRN SCBA CEL http//www2a.cdc.gov/drds/cel
  /cel_cbrn_results.asp?startrecord1maxrecords50
  SearchQScbrncbrn_scba

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SCBA Technicals

• Session retention thoughts
• Does it have an EBSS?
• Is there an EBSS training program in place?
• Are more than two users, (one donor and one
  receiver) permitted when EBSS is in use?
• Are SCBA maintenance personnel factory trained
  technicians? How recent?
• Are SCBA facepieces and hardware flow tested/
  Posi-checked together?

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Thank you!!!

• Disclaimer A majority of the findings and
  conclusions in this presentation have not been
  formally disseminated by the National Institute
  for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and
  should not be construed to represent any agency
  determination or policy.

The speaker thanks Harold Zedd and CDR Greg W.
Cook for their support. Source of instruction
presentation NIOSH, The National Personal
Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL) 626
Cochrans Mill Road P.O. Box 18070 Pittsburgh, PA
15236 (412) 386 - 4000 www.cdc/gov/niosh/npptl
Author Terrence K. Cloonan tcloonan_at_cdc.gov (412)
386 - 6701