Jamie M. Martin-Hayden

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HydrogeologyEEES 4410/5410
Jamie M. Martin-Hayden Associate Professor
[phone] Jhayden_at_UTnet.UToledo.edu
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Ground WaterThe Unseen Part of the Water Cycle
Aquifer
Salt Groundwater
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Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions

• Earth materials
• Rock
• Sediment (Soil)
• Water
• Geologic processes
• Form,
• Distribute and
• Change earth materials
• Water is a primary agent of many (all?) geologic
  processes

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Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions

• Interactions go both ways
• Groundwater controls geologic processes
• Geology controls flow and availability of
  groundwater

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Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions

• Geology controls groundwater flow
• Permeable pathways are controlled by
  distributions of geological materials

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Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions

• Geology controls groundwater flow
• Permeable pathways are controlled by
  distributions of geological materials

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Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions

• Geology controls groundwater flow
• Permeable pathways are controlled by
  distributions of geological materials
• Where groundwater is available as a resource is
  controlled by geology

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Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions
Geology controls groundwater flow

• Permeable pathways are controlled by
  distributions of geological materials
• Where groundwater is available as a resource is
  controlled by geology
• Contaminant transport in the subsurface is
  controlled by geology

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Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions
Groundwater controls geologic processes

• Volcanic Processes
• Groundwater controls water content of magmas
• Groundwater injected by magmas can metamorphose
  country rocks
• Geysers are an example of volcanic activity
  interacting with groundwater

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Hydrogeology DefinedWater/Earth Interactions

• Groundwater controls geologic processes
• Earthquakes fluids control fracturing and fault
  movement, lubrication and pressures
• Landslides groundwater controls slope failure
• Landforms Valley development and karst topography

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Trends in population and freshwater withdrawals
by source, 1950-2000.
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Trends in total water withdrawals by water-use
category, 1950-2000.
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Ohio Groundwater Law

• 1843 Acton v. Blundell English Rule
• The landowner can pump groundwater at any rate
  even if an adjoining property owner were harmed.

• 1861 Frazier v. Brown English Rule in Ohio
• Groundwater is
• occult and concealed
• and legislation of its use is
• practically impossible.

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Wisconsin Groundwater Law

• 1903 Huber v. Merkel
• English Rule in Wisconsin
• A property owner can pump unlimited amounts of
  groundwater,
• even with malicious harm to a neighbor.

• 1974 Wisconsin v. Michels Pipeline Constructors
  Inc.
• English Rule Overturned
•  
• Landowners no longer have an absolute right to
  use with impunity all water that can be pumped
  from the subsoil underneath.

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English Rule Overturned in Ohio

• 1984 Cline v. American Aggregates
•  English Rule overturned in Ohio
•  
• Justice Holmes Scientific knowledge in the
  field of hydrology has advanced in the past
  decade so it
•  
• can establish the cause and effect relationship
  of the tapping of underground water to the
  existing water level.

• Today Lingering effects of English Rule
• It is very difficult to prove cause and effect to
  be defensible in court.

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Who Uses Ground Water?

• Eg. Groundwater use in Ohio

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The Hydrologic Cycle
Atmosphere 0.0001
Streams and Lakes 0.01 (3)
Oceans 97.2
0.61 (97)
Most available freshwater is ground water
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The Hydrologic Cycle
Component
Transfer
Ocean (salt water)
Baseflow
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The Hydrologic Cycle
Component
Transfer
Precipitation 320,000 km3
Evaporation Transpiration 70,000 km3
Evaporation 350,000 km3/yr
Fresh Surface Water 125,000 km3 (runoff)
?
Ocean 1.32 b km3
Runoff 38,000
?
?
Baseflow
?
Ground 8.35 m km3 Water