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WATER CYCLE

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WATER CYCLE. Evapotranspiration (Transpiration and evaporation) ... KARST FORMATIONS. Caves / caverns. Stalactites. Stalagmites. Columns. Sinkholes / sinks ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: WATER CYCLE


1
WATER CYCLE
  • Evapotranspiration (Transpiration and
    evaporation)
  • Condensation
  • Precipitation
  • Infiltration
  • Runoff

2
EARTHS WATER
  • 97 Ocean
  • 3 fresh
  • 75 glaciers
  • 25 liquid
  • 95 groundwater
  • .01 rivers
  • 1/10,000 of all water is in rivers

3
RIVER SYSTEMS
  • Trunk
  • Tributaries
  • Divides
  • Drainage basin / watershed

4
STREAM FLOW
  • Laminar
  • Turbulent
  • Velocity factors
  • Gradient
  • Shape, size, and roughness
  • discharge width x depth x velocity

5
RIVER EROSION
  • Load
  • Dissolved
  • Suspended (most)
  • Bed
  • Competence
  • Capacity

6
RIVER EROSION
  • Meanders
  • Cut banks
  • Point bars
  • Cutoffs
  • Oxbow lakes
  • Braided streams
  • Base level (local, ultimate)

7
RIVER VALLEYS
  • Young (v-shaped)
  • Rapids and waterfalls
  • Mature / Old
  • Meanders
  • incised
  • Floodplains

8
RIVER DEPOSITS
  • Sorted deposits
  • Alluvium
  • Deltas
  • distributaries
  • Levees
  • Backswamps
  • Yazoo tributaries
  • Alluvial fans

9
DRAINAGE PATTERNS
  • Dendritic
  • Radial
  • Rectangular
  • Trellis

10
GROUNDWATER
  • Zone of saturation
  • Zone of aeration
  • Water table
  • Area of recharge
  • Area of discharge

11
GROUNDWATER MOVEMENT
  • Porosity
  • Permeability
  • Aquifers
  • Aquitards / aquicludes

12
GEOTHERMAL FEATURES
  • Hot springs
  • Geysers
  • Fumaroles
  • Mud pots

13
WELLS
  • Drawdown
  • Cone of depression
  • Artesian wells

14
GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
  • Nonrenewable
  • Land subsidence
  • contamination

15
KARST FORMATIONS
  • Caves / caverns
  • Stalactites
  • Stalagmites
  • Columns
  • Sinkholes / sinks
  • Travertine
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