Welcomes You all to the'

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Welcomes You all to the.
Software Defined Radio Prospects and Strategies
for Development By Rajan T Joseph
ED,C-DAC,Trivandrum 25th April 2005 Elitex
2005 New Delhi
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Participating Organizations
1.IISc 2.IITs,New Delhi,Bombay
Madras 3.IIIT,Hyderabad 4.Army HQ 5.Air
HQ 6.Police Wireless 7.AAI 8.DIT 9.DoT 10.BSNL
11.Bharti 12.Reliance 13.Alpha Design
Technology 14.DEAL 15.CAIR 16.C-DoT 17.C-DAC 18.CR
L,BEL 19.Sameer 20.CEWiT
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Agenda

• Introduction
• SDR Technology
• Frame work of RD
• Discussions

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Presentation on Scope of Activities
InvolvedC-DAC(T)
Rajan T Joseph, Executive Director
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C-DAC Centre for Development of Advanced
Computing

• A merged entity of the 4 Societies under DIT
  indicated below
• Spread out at 10 locations with 14 Labs and
  about 2000 work
• force
• Expertise and Infrastructure to take up
  multidiscipline,
• complex projects and system

C-DAC Pune, Bangalore, New Delhi, Hyderabad,
Chennai, Kolkata (Centre for Development of
Advanced Computing)
ERDCI Thiruvananthapuram, Noida,
Kolkata (Electronics Research Development
Centre, India)
NCST Mumbai, Bangalore, Navi Mumbai (National
Centre for Software Technology)
CEDTI - Mohali (Centre for Electronics Design and
Technology, India)
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C-DAC, Trivandrum

• Established by Govt. of Kerala in 1974 as an
  autonomous Scientific Society to promote RD in
  Electronics
• Taken over by Govt. of India in 1988 and made an
  autonomous Scientific Society under Dept. of
  Electronics
• Merged with ERDC India, a national level
  Scientific Society in December 1994
• Merged with CDAC in 2002
• Staff Strength over 500

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Areas of research

• Control Instrumentation
• Power Electronics
• Underwater Electronics
• ASIC Design
• Networking
• E-Governance
• Broadcast Communications

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Broadcast and Communications

• Executing projects in advanced area of
  Broadcast and Communications with expertise in
• Protocol Stack
• Analog and Mixed Signal Design
• Communication algorithms
• RF Trans-Receivers
• Embedded systems
• Real-time systems
• Device Drivers, GUI Data Base

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Major Projects

• TETRA Hand Held
• TETRA Base Station
• TETRA Protocol Stacks
• CDART 1-Advanced Hand Portable
• IP Telephone
• Watermarking Digital Audio
• Lawful Interception of VoIP Traffic

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IP Telephone
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C-DAC SDR Related Projects/ Achievements

• A DIT study project on SDR completed in 2004
• -Opportunity to study the complex SDR
  technology in brief,understand the need for SDR
  and,generate a Vision in the forward path for
  SDR Projects
• -Study report available in DIT web site
• Development of the TETRA Base Station based on
  semi-SDR architecture
• Meetings with different RD Organizations on SDR
  activities
• SDR-FORUM membership

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SDR FORUM

• SDR Forum is an open - non profit corporation
  dedicated to supporting the development,
  deployment and use of open architecture for
  advanced wireless system.
• Initially known as MMITS
• More than 60 member companies
• C-DAC is a member of SDR Forum

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SDR Defined

• The term SDR is used to describe radios that
  provide software control of a variety of
  modulation techniques, wideband or narrowband
  operation, communication security functions and
  waveform requirements of current and evolving
  standards over a broad frequency range.
• Not a single technological breakthrough rather
  a collection of implementation technologies that
  enable configurability.

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Scope

• The Mobile communication is strangled by a
  multitude of standards
• with wide diversity in
• Bandwidth
• Modulation methods
• Error protections
• Protocols
• TDMA/FDMA schemes
• Every new standard boasts unification, but this
  never happens.
• The Civil, Government and Military scenarios have
  different needs.
• System architects and users are equally baffled
  by this process.
• Large revenue is wasted to maintain rusty junks
  of hardware.
• World over, the search for intelligent radios is
  on.
• Multiband, Multimode capability will pave way to
  future-proof radios.
• The Software Defined Radio is destined to take
  over.

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Conventional Radio
Analog
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Direct Conversion Architecture
Multiband antenna
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IF Based Architecture
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Benefits

• A single Hardware for Multimode, multiband and
  multifunctional Wireless Systems
• Software Upgrade for add on functionalities
• Customization of a single generic hardware for
  diverse needs
• Higher levels of software reusability
• Lower costs to meet new user demands
• Lower time to market new terminals

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FEATURES OF SDR

• SDR provides solutions for the legacy system
  as well as emerging wireless technologies
  spanning over 2G, 3G and beyond. Radios built
  using SDR concepts offer
•   Standard architecture for a wide range of
  communications products
• Non-restrictive wireless roaming for consumers
  by extending the capabilities of current and
  emerging commercial air-interface standards
• Uniform communication across commercial, civil,
  federal and military organizations
• Potential for significant life-cycle cost
  reductions
• Over the air downloads of new features and
  services as well as software patches
• Advanced networking capabilities to allow truly
  "portable" networks

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SDR APPLICATION in WIRELESS SYSTEMS
Network flexibility and spectrum utilization
enhanced using SDR
Software downloads for SDR product and service
upgrades, enhancements
4G
SDR exploited to enable fewer, more flexible
product platforms
Capabilities and Services
3G
Software Defined Radio
2G
1G
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
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ADVANTAGES OF SDR

• SDR provides the following advantages to the
  stakeholders
• For subscribers easier international roaming,
  improved and more flexible services increased
  personalization and choice.
• For network operators the potential to rapidly
  develop and introduce new, personalized and
  customized services, tools for increased customer
  retention, new added-value services and revenue
  streams, reduced costs of network evolution and
  enhancement, increased flexibility of spectrum
  management and usage.
• For handset and base station manufacturers the
  promise of new economies of scale, increased
  production flexibility and improved, and more
  rapid, product evolution.
• For regulators the prospect of increased
  spectrum efficiency, better use of a scarce
  resource.

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SDR EVOLUTION
In the final decade of twentieth century, SDR
made an incredibly rapid transition, within
perhaps just 5 years, from an obscure military
and academic concept to a commercial credibility
in the mobile communication market.

•   1970 - MULTIMODE VHF RADIO
• 1980 - TACTICAL ANTI JAM RADIOS WITH E
  WAVEFORM MODULES
• 1990 - MULTIBAND, MULTIMODE - SPEAKeasy
• 2000 - RE-CONFIGURABLE RADIO PLATFORMS
• 2005 - MULTI-MODE BASE STATIONS
• 2010 - SDR BASED USER TERMINALS

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Network
European Vision of Re-congurable Radio Systems
Networks
Base Station
Terminal
Initial Concept Of Software Radio
Broadband Multimedia
Voice, Low- Data Rate
Military
Commercial
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Enabling Technologies

• ADC the single most demanding performance
• DAC similar to ADC requirements
• DDC / DUC (Digital down/up converters)
  programmable embedded DSP functionalities with
  NCO for RSP/TSP with frequency hopping capability
• FPGAs/ASICs Embedded DSP functionalities
• DSP meet computational overheads of base band
  processing
• Host Processor Application Programs, Protocol
  stacks, system controls
• Operating System
• Broadband RF Front End
• Direct Conversion / IF digitization, high
  dynamic range Receiver,
• Linearized Upconverters and Transmitters

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SDR the status quo

• SDR technology has some drawbacks like higher
  power consumption, higher processing power (MIPS)
  requirement, increased complexity of software and
  higher initial costs
• The extent of SDR progress will be decided
  largely by RF technology
• Higher communication rates are accelerating
  higher processing requirements on DSP.
• SDR solutions are currently available for
  cellular and PCS base stations as well as fixed
  station military applications.
• Technology not yet ripe for hand-sets.
• SDR has already been adopted by many
  infrastructure manufacturers as their core
  platform

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SDR Standards

• Software Communications Architecture
  specifications (SCAS) from United States Joint
  Tactical Radio System
• Distributed Object Computing Software Radio
  Architecture (DOCSRA) from
• SDR Forums Mobile Working Group

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Areas of Skill required
Radio systems Antennas RF Design Modulation
Demodulation Error control coding A to D
conversion(HF) D to A conversion(HF) DSP
Algorithms
FPGA /ASIC Design OS development Network Control
and Management S/W Communication protocols
Multiple Access Techniques Application
software Secure Software Download
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Major Activities Challenges

• Parallel development of H/W and S/W
• Extensive simulations of RF and DSP
• The Antenna/RF subsystem (AIU)
• The digital IF modem ASIC, FPGA, DSP
• Application program development
• OS development
• Protocol stacks various standards
• Secure Software Download mechanisms

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Reconfigurable Wireless Sub-Systems

• Antenna
• Radio Transceiver
• Base band Processing
• Applications and services, e.g., to ensure a
  committed QoS

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Reconfigurable Systems Key Objectives and
General Requirements

• Adaptation of the radio interface to varying
  deployment environment and air interface
  standards
• Provision of new applications and services
• Software updates
• Enabling full exploitation of flexible
  heterogeneous radio network services.

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Requirements three distinct groups

• Radio Configuration Control
• Creation and provision of services to
  reconfigurable terminals (over converging
  networks and various Air Interface)
• User profile, terminal, access network and
  location management

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SDR DEVELOPMENT TASKS DIVISION
APPLICATIONS-20
SOFTWARE-55
HARDWARE-25
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Broadcast and Communications

• Executing projects in advanced area of
  Broadcast and Communications with expertise in
• Protocol Stack
• Analog and Mixed Signal Design
• Communication algorithms
• RF Trans-Receivers
• Embedded systems
• Real-time systems
• Device Drivers, GUI Data Base

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Research Areas

• Generic Reconfigurable Architecture
• with distributed Intelligence
• Network Reconfiguration Management
• Adaptive Protocols
• Adaptive Base band
• Object Oriented Hardware Reconfiguration
• Radio Resource Management, RRM JRRM
• Mode Identification Monitoring Methods
• Reconfigurable RF subsystems
• User Requirements - Statistical Study

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Need for SDR technology development

• High IPR content
• Need for indigenous base on strategic reasons
• The technology of tomorrows Wireless
• Military and Commercial interest
• Success of 3G and beyond depends
• heavily on SDR

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Participating Organisation

•   DEAL - HARDWARE
• LRDE - ENCRYPTION
• CDoT - SOFTWARE/HARDWARE
• CRL - ANTENNA
• IISc - SPEECH CODES
• CEWIT - PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM
• SAMEER - EMI/EMC/ANTENNA
• IIT - PROTOCOL/ALGORITHM
• C-DAC - HARDWARE/SOFTWARE

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CDAC in Retrospect
They stand us in good stead

• Embedded Hardware
• Digital Signal Processing
• Operating Systems
• Protocol Stacks
• TETRA Digital Mobile Radio
• TETRA Base Station

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SDR-Technology Development Path
Special Customer Needs
SDR User inputs
Outputs to Industry
Lab n
SDR Technology
SDR-TDP
Lab3
SDR Products /Application
SDR-TDP
Lab 2
SDR-TDP
Reference Platforms
Development Platforms
Lab 1
SDR-TDP
2005 2007 2010
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National Mission Project on SDR Technology
Development
SDR Mission Project- Steering Group
Project Co-Ordination Group - DIT
MoD
MCIT
Service Providers
MHRD
DEAL
DRDO
C-DAC
C-DoT
GSM
CDMA
IITs
IISc
5 Years 120 Crores
SDR Forum, Army, COAI
BEL
Sameer
CEWT
Technology
Products
IPRs Papers
Knowledge Base Awareness
User/Application/Industry Presentation/Training
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The VISION
Foster future-proof wireless technology and
bring it to the forefront of competing standards,
with scalability to cater to the diverse
communication needs of the nation.
The MISSION
Through a convergence of research talents among
various organizations, develop indigenous SDR
technology with hardware, firmware and software
solutions necessary to materialize the vision,
generate intellectual property rights and pave
the way for a renewed wireless industry activity
capable of global presence, through transfer of
manufacturing technology of scalable SDR products
by 2010.
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SDR .Important REFERENCES
1. Software Defined RadioOrigins,Drivers and
International Perspectives By Tuttlebee 2.
Software Defined RadioEnabling
Technologies By Tuttlebee 3. Software
Defined Radio- Selected Readings By Mitola
and Zvonar 4. SDR study Report By C-DAC
(www.mit.gov.in) 5. SDR Forum web site
www.sdrforum.org
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Thanks a lot