AMERICAN INDIAN

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AMERICAN INDIAN
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
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NEED FOR CHANGE
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1800s U.S. Broke Treaties

• example - Sioux and Black Hills

Miners in Black Hills
Fort Laramie Treaty Signing, 1868
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1880s Reservation System in Place
1775
1894
Chief Rain in the Face after forced on
reservation
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1887 Dawes Allotment Act

• Divided reservations to teach white ownership
• more land loss

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1890-1950s Indian Boarding Schools

• Educated AI children to help them assimilate

Apaches 4 months later
Apaches on arrival
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1960 Conditions on and off the reservation

• High poverty, unemployment, suicide, drop-out
  rate

LBJ studied AI situation
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"RED POWER" MOVEMENT
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1961 National Congress of American Indians

• Sought control of fed. programs treaty rights

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1968 American Indian Movement (AIM) formed

• Drew attention to American Indians plight

March on Columbus Day
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1969 Alcatraz Island Occupation

• Inspired spread of Red Power for AI

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1972 Trail of Broken Treaties March

• Ends in occupation of BIA in D.C.

Occupiers on the steps of the BIA in D.C.
Floyd Young one of occupiers
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1973 Wounded Knee, SD Occupation by AIM

• Gained national attention in symbolic site

Wounded Knee Massacre,1890
Wounded Knee Occupation, 1973
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ACHIEVEMENTS
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1968 Indian Civil Rights Act

• Protected AI rights and self-government

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1974 Indian Self-Determination Education
Assistance Act

• Gave tribes control of federal schools and
  programs

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1970s Successfully Sued for Land Treaty
Violations
Scenes of Black Hills - Sioux given 106
million in reparations for land
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1980s-Today Supreme Court supports AI Gambling,
Hunting, and Fishing Rights
Fish-in with American Indians and actor Marlon
Brando