CCNA Discovery 1 Module 2

1
CCNA Discovery 1 Module 2

• Operating Systems

2
What is an Operating System

• Specialized Software
• Ties hardware resources together
• Controls resource usage between programs and
  users
• Handles the low-level work (e.g., writing to
  disk, printing, etc.) for applications

3
NOS?

• Network Operating System
• Uses redirectors to access network resources
• Redirectors can be integral to the OS
• Often show up as a network client software
• Allow the resource to show up as a local resource
  (ex. mapped drives)?
• Example Client for Microsoft Networks
• Example File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft
  Networks

4
OS Components

• Kernel
• Interacts directly with hardware
• Consider this the brain of the OS
• Shell
• CLI (Command Line Interface)?
• Commands are text-based
• Interaction is primarily through the keyboard
• GUI (Graphical User Interface)?
• Commands are graphically represented
• Interaction is primarily through the mouse

5
OS Licensing
6
Licensing Examples

• Commercial
• UNIX
• Windows
• Macintosh OS
• OS/400
• HPUX
• GPL
• Linux
• BSD
• Solaris

7
OS Requirements

• RAM, CPU, HDD, Video
• Minimum Requirements
• Typically only support the base OS functionality
• Performance is often poor and troublesome
• May lose some features of OS
• Recommended Requirements
• Typically supports additional applications
• Performance is acceptable
• Most features of OS are available
• Additional components may be necessary for all
  features of OS

8
Hardware Compatibility

• Not all hardware is compatible with all Operating
  Systems
• Special software called drivers must be
  provided or come as part of the OS
• Most vendors maintain hardware compatibility
  lists
• The hardware vendor is also a resource for
  determining hardware compatibility

9
Exercise
10
Choosing an OS

• Security
• Support
• Cost
• Availability
• Resources
• Platform
• Use
• Politics (Laws, Regulations)?
• TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)?

11
Choosing an Installation Method

• Clean Install
• Removes all data and applications
• For new systems or systems with no upgrade path
• Upgrade
• Replaces old OS files with new versions
• Retains settings and applications
• Multi-Boot
• Each OS is contained in its own partition
• Only one OS can be run concurrently
• Virtualization
• Multiple virtual computers are each clean
  installed
• Multiple virtual computers can be run concurrently

12
Activity
13
File Systems

• FAT16/FAT32
• NTFS
• HPFS
• ext2
• ext3
• ReiserFS

14
Connecting to the Network

• A Network Interface Card (NIC) is required
• At minimum, the following network configuration
  must be in place
• IP Address
• Subnet Mask
• Default Gateway (for internetwork
  communications)?
• These may be configured manually or automatically
  (DHCP)?
• A name may also be configured it should be
  indicative of the location/type of device

15
Maintaining the OS

• Patches and Security Updates
• Automatic
• Prompted
• Manual
• Both for the OS and for its applications
• Service Packs