GPS Infrastructure Overview

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GPS Infrastructure Overview
Ocean Platforms Workshop

• Chuck Meertens
• UNAVCO Facility Director
• Ocean Platform Workshop , 27 October 2008

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What is UNAVCO?

• The consortium
• 133 Member and Associate member institutions
• Investigator community
• Representing many aspects of Geosciences as well
  as Polar Programs
• UNAVCO incorporated in 2002 (1984-1991 CIRES
  1991-2002 UCAR)
• Governance and operations
• Board, Susan Owen, Chair
• Advisory committees
• Facility Advisory Committee
• PBO Advisory Committee
• Education and Outreach Advisory Committee
• WINSAR Advisory Committee
• Polar Networks Advisory Committee (joint with
  IRIS)
• UNAVCO senior management
• Meghan Miller, President

• Facilities and support staff
• Boulder
• UNAVCO Facility
• Plate Boundary Observatory
• Education and Outreach
• Headquarters
• Regional field offices (PBO)
• Other facilities, archives and community projects
• Primary Sponsors
• NSF EAR, Office of Polar Programs
• NASA

Boulder Office
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UNAVCO Membership
133 UNAVCO Members (80 Full Members, 53 Associate
Members)
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UNAVCO Community Science
UNAVCO Consortium Researchers investigate Tecto
nics Earthquake processes Mantle
properties Active magmatic systems Plate boundary
zone deformation Intraplate deformation Glacial
isostatic adjustment Atmospheric science Global
change and polar processes
Slide 9
Slide 9
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Yellowstone Ground Motions
Fig. 2. (A) Temporal variation of vertical ground
motions of labeled Yellowstone GPS stations
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W.-L. Chang et al., Science 318, 952 -956
(2007)
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Stations in red were installed as part of the
Caribbean Network project by UCAR and UNAVCO
Caribbean Network
GPS for Atmospheric and Tectonic research
San Andres Island site has a short-drilled Braced
Monument UCAR P.I. J. Braun Joint EAR, ATM,
and GEO level funding
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Antarctic Science
POLENET Investigating links between geodynamics
and ice sheets in Antarctica
What is the broad-scale pattern of Antarctic
crustal uplift and subsidence arising from the
Earths response to ice sheet fluctuations? How
do present day GPS measurements of glacial
isostatic adjustment (GIA) constrain models of
the history of ice thickness changes over the
past 10,000 years? What is the interaction
between tidal modulation of sea ice and ice
stream flow off of West Antarctic ice
sheet? What is the neotectonic framework of the
Antarctic plate, what is the structure and origin
of major tectonic features on the continent
(e.g., the Transantarctic Mountains, the West
Antarctic Rift System, and East Antarctic
Craton), and what is their relationship to
Cenozoic lithospheric deformation? Are active
rifts/plumes affecting ice sheet stability? Is
the Antarctic plate breaking apart?
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Tremor Slip Data for Southern Vancouver Island
1. Blue Dots Changes in daily east-west position
wrt Penticton
2. Green Line Long-term (interseismic) linear
motion
3. Red Lines Short-term (inter-slip) linear
motion followed by reversals
4. Blue graph Tremor activity on southern
Vancouver Is.
Question What about the tremor activity between
resolved slip events?
Rogers and Dragert 21 10.1126/Science.1084783 and
Dragert, Wang, and Kao Fall AGU, 2007
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UNAVCO Services and Technologies

• UNAVCO Support
• Engineering Services
• Network Installation, OM
• Development and Testing
• Equipment Pool
• Data Management and Archiving
• CyberInfrastructure
• Education and Outreach
• Technologies
• GNNS with ancillary meteorological instruments
• Borehole Strainmeters and Seismometers and
  ancillary sensors
• Borehole Tiltmeters
• Geodetic Imaging
• Terrestrial Laser Scanners
• Airborne Laser Swath Mapping project support
• InSAR Data Archives (WInSAR/EarthScope)

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UNAVCO Supported Projects

• UNAVCO Supported Projects
• Individual Investigator Projects
• e.g. Puerto Rico
• Medium Scale Collaborative Projects
• e.g. Polenet - Antarctica, GNET - Greenland)
• Large Scale MREFC
• EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory
• NASA Global GNSS Network

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MRI Acquisition of High-Rate GPS Units for
Developing a Real Time Broadband Earthquake
Observation System in Puerto Rico and the Virgin
Islands
PI Project Highlight

• Principal Investigator (PI) Guoquan Wang
• Six collocated GPS/Seismic stations to be
  installed on Puerto Rico and 4 surrounding
  islands
• This project will develop a real time broadband
  earthquake observation system at seismic stations
  of the Puerto Rico Seismic Network.
• Developing a broader relationship with Puerto
  Rico
• Introducing GPS and its Applications in Earth
  Science to Students and Educators of Puerto Rico
  September 27, 2008
• RESESS/SOARS Student Emanuelle Bonilla (projects
  on Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Seismology with
  Anne Sheehan at CU and Harley Benz at USGS)

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Medium Scale Collaborative Projects
Example Polar Collaborative Projects

• Network engineering and OM support for 66 remote
  polar GPS stations, 100 stations anticipated in
  two years
• Polar technology NSF MRI funded through September
  2009 to develop remote GPS, power, communications
  systems for polar regions.Collaboration with
  UNAVCO and IRIS Facilities with PI direction via
  the Polar Networks Advisory Committee

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EarthScope PBO Permanent Stations
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PBO Instrumentation

• EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory MREFC
  implementation involved a number of scientific
  advisory committees
• PBO Instrumentation
• Permanent GPS
• Long-baseline Strainmeters
• Borehole strainmeters and seismometers
• Portable GPS
• MREFC Phase completed September, 2008. Currently
  at start of 5 year Operations and Maintenance
  Phase

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Permanent GPS Stations
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Borehole Strainmeters

• Gladwin TSM _at_ 20-sps
• Malin Seismometer L-22 _at_ 100-sps
• Pore pressure
• Atmospheric pressure
• Rainfall, surface temp

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Borehole Strainmeters
Tiltmeter
(or temperature)
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NASA GGN
NASA Global GPS Network JPL with UNAVCO operates
68 Core and 10 associated Stations in
collaboration with host facilities. The GGN
contributes daily files to the IGS and forms
about 19 of IGS 6 Stations Installed in
2008 ABPO - Antananarivo, Madagascar MOIU -
Eldoret, Kenya PALM - Palmer Station,
Antarctica VACS - Vacoas Meteo, Mauritius CUSV -
Chulalongkorn, Thailand NATL - Natal, Brazil FALK
- Port Stanley, Falklands Most stations also
provide real time 1 hz data to the NASA Global
Differential GPS System
Photo showing new GGN real-time station in Port
Stanley, Falkland Islands.

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IGS
International GNSS Service

• GNSS Data and Data Products
• GNSS Data from Global Network
• GNSS Orbits
• Ultra-Rapid (predicted real time)
• Ultra-Rapid (observed)
• Rapid
• Final
• Contributes to ITRF
• EarthRotation Parameters
• Atmospheric Parameters
• Pilot Projects such as the
• IGS Real-time project

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Marshall Test Facility

• Marshall Field Testing Facility
• The UNAVCO Facility has completed construction of
  a testing facility located at Marshall, just
  outside Boulder, Colorado. The testing facility
  is funded by NASA-GGN through the UNAVCO
  cooperative agreement. NASA's Global GPS Network
  (GGN) faces many challenges in the near future
  primarily due to maintenance of aging equipment.
• The Marshall facility will be used to test
  permanent GNSS station equipment in a controlled,
  but realistic environment, ensuring the GGN
  (accounting for approximately 15-18 of the
  International GNSS Service - IGS) will be
  prepared to meet the requirements of tomorrow's
  GNSS technology, and be able to model the
  uncertainties and biases that will inevitably
  follow the equipment upgrades at core reference
  frame sites.

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Development and Testing 2009

• Development and Testing 2009
• Clients Stakeholders
• NASA
• EarthScope /Plate Boundary Observatory
• UNAVCO NSF EAR and OPP Project Groups, Equipment
  Group
• UNAVCO Member Institutions
• UNAVCO Community at-large
• Vendors
• Resources
• Dedicated Personnel
• Project Manager (F. Blume)
• DT Engineer (TBH 2008)
• AD Hoc Personnel
• Facility Data, Engineering Equipment Groups,
  PBO as appropriate, Community, Vendors
• Data Processing
• Facility hardware (GAMIT/GIPSY/Bernese)
• PBO Analysis Centers (MIT/NMT (GAMIT)/CWU
  (GIPSY))
• JPL/Raytheon (GIPSY)

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DT Continued

• DT Projects of Current Interest
• GNSS Receivers
• Firmware validation
• New hardware, signals
• Effect of receiver changes on permanent/campaign
  results
• (zero baseline)
• GNSS Antennas
• New hardware, signals
• Validation of phase center models of current
  hardware
• Data Communications and Power Systems
• Optimization for real time data streams
• Special applications and environments
• Permanent GNSS Station Monumentation
• Stability and multipath characterization
• Supersites with co-located geodetic observing
  systems, multiple monuments (geodetic, seismic,
  strain)
• New TEQC Software Development

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Remote Communications Methods

• Modems
• Analog Modems
• Short-haul Modems
• Radio Modems
• Cellular (CDMA)
• Satellite
•  VSAT
•  Iridium
• Internet direct connection
• Some combination
• wired-wireless-Internet

Antarctica
Galapagos
Easter Island
Grand Isle, LA
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Data Center GPS Holdings
GPS Data Holdings 2.7 million filesets 9.5 Tb
PBO/Nucleus station count and data volume are
currently 2/3 of total
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Data Center file access
Data File Access via web browser tools
and via FTP
14 million files and 4.9 Terabytes picked up Aug
07- Jul 08
Primary ftp server in Boulder Backup ftp server
in Seattle at IRIS
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Permanent Station Data Management
Permanent Station Data Management and Archiving
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GPS Data Delivery

• Data Delivery from Permanent Stations handled by
  UNAVCO
• Stations
• 1755 Daily File Downloads
• 225 Hourly File Downloads (Many contributed
  to NGS CORS)
• 10 30 Minute File Downloads
• 72 Real-time streaming of 1 sample/second
  (PBO Beta Service)
• Best sites (Imperial Valley) have direct EB6
  Internet capable radio connections and latencies
  of less than 2 seconds (Total time GPS Site to -
  Boulder Ntrip Caster - to user) with nearly 100
  data completeness
• VSAT sites experience 3-5 second latencies and
  variable data completeness

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GPS for ATM Concept
Proposed SUOMINET Modernization

• UCAR Cosmic and UNIDATA Programs
• UNAVCO
• 20 Universities (U. Oklahoma 20 sites)

Research Community
100 PBO Sites with Met
PBO Standard Ops Low rate data files
Facility Data Archive
Facility/PBO 100 Suominet Sites with Met
PBO Binned hourly High rate data files
Data Files FTP Access Low rate Binex/RINEX High
rate Binex only
Cosmic Data Processing And Analysis/ Algorithm
Dev. SOARS EO
UNIDATA Data Product Distribution
and Visualization
PBO Beta Streaming Data Service
Data Files Data Streams Data Products
Data Stream Ntrip Access High rate Binex
Station Operations Data Management
Archiving Analysis Distribution
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END
Thank-you!