Socialization

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Socialization

• What is human nature?
• Socialization into the self, mind, and emotions
• Agents of socialization
• Socialization of the life course

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Social Environment the evidence

• Nonhuman primates
• Harlow experiments
• Isolated children
• Anna, Isabelle and Genie
• Institutionalized children
• Skeels and Dye study of orphaned children
• Identical Twins
• Lack of Interaction delays in social, emotional
  and moral development

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Society Makes Us Human

• Babies do not develop naturally into human
  adults
• Humans develop into adults through interaction
• Socialization the process of learning the ways
  of culture and society
• to become human to develop self

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Socialization is important in the . . .

• Development of the Individual
• Personality consistent patterns
• Our self image
• Groups tell us who/what we are
• Development of Society
• Passes on Culture
• Permits a past, present and future

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Sigmund FreudElements of Personality

• Developing personality
• The id
• Basic drives
• The ego
• Efforts to achieve balance
• The superego
• Culture within
• Managed conflict
• Id and superego are in constant states of
  conflict, with the ego balancing the two

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Freuds Theory ofthe Personality

• The ID says, I want to kill and maim, want to
  hurt people.
• The SUPEREGO says, No way, joe.
• So, the EGO says, Lets play football.
• In this way, some people safely satisfy their
  hostile and aggressive desires

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Critical Evaluationof Freud

• Influences the study of personality
• Sociologists note Freuds contributions
• Internalization of social norms
• Childhood experiences have lasting impact
• Studies reflect gender bias

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Jean PiagetCognitive Development

• Cognition
• How people think and understand to reason
• Stages of development
• Sensorimotor stage
• Sensory contact understanding
• Preoperational stage
• Use of language and other symbols
• Concrete operational stage
• Perception of causal connections in surroundings
• Formal operational stage
• Abstract, critical thinking

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Critical EvaluationOf Piaget

• Differed from Freud viewed the mind as active and
  creative
• Cognitive stages result of biological maturation
  and social experience
• Less agreement that the stages are globally true

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Charles Horton CooleysLooking Glass Self

• We imagine how we appear to others
• We interpret others reactions
• We develop a self-concept based on this
  interpretation

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George Herbert Mead Role-taking

• The self is divided into I and Me
• I represents the unique traits of each person.
• Me is composed of the demands of others and
  the awareness of those demands.
• I develops first. Me is formed during three
  stages of self development.

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George Herbert Mead The Social Self

• IMITATION
• Infants mimic behavior without understanding
  intentions
• PLAY
• Taking the roles of significant others
• GAMES
• Taking the roles of several others at once
• GENERALIZED OTHER
• Using cultural norms and values in evaluating
  ourselves

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Resocialization

• Radically changing a persons personality by
  carefully controlling the environment
• Erving Goffman (1961)
• Staff breaks down existing identity
• Staff rebuilds personality using rewards and
  punishments

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Total Institutions

• A setting in which people are isolated from the
  rest of society and manipulated by an
  administrative staff
• Erving Goffman (1961)
• Staff supervise all daily life activities
• Environment is standardized
• Formal rules and daily schedules
• Total institutions affect people in different
  ways rehabilitate, little effect or hostile
  some develop an institutionalized personality
• Boot Camp

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Results of Socialization

• Common personality type differs in one society
  compared to another
• Can result in uniformity

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Margaret Mead

• Socialization practices varied from society to
  society
• Socialization practices were similar among people
  of the same society
• Different methods used to control children