Polyandry

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KINSHIP- Functional Social Structure GROUP-BUILDIN
G DEVICE -(through) DESCENT -FAMILY UNIT OF
PRODUCTION (SURVIVAL/ECONOMICS) -MAINTENANCE
OF RESOURCES -LABOR POOL -SUPPORT AND
ASSISTANCE HOW IT WORKS GROUP BUILDING 1.
DESCENT SYSTEMS -UNILINEAL DESCENT -PATRILINE
AL MATRILINEAL -COGNATIC DESCENT 2.
RESIDENCE PATTERNS -NEW UNIT OF PRODUCTION 3.
TERMINOLOGY SYSTEMS -IDENTIFYING GROUP
MEMBERSHIP -INHERITANCE MARRIAGE (Yer kin)
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Kinship Defined

• Kinship refers to the
• relationships
• found in all societies
• that are based on blood
• or marriage
• Group-building /
• Problem-solving device

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KINSHIP- Functional Social Structure

• How does it organize societies?
• Arranges people (most structural form
  through descent)
• Reckons descent (vertical organization)
• Arranges marriages
• Distributes wealth
• Kinship relationships not just biological,
  though

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(Not all societies utilize kinship in the same
way, though ie., in the US, ties and functions
of kinship are horizontal, not vertical, and not
as specific absolute)
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Extended Chinese families
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Descent (vertical) systems are particularly seen
where

• FAMILY UNIT OF PRODUCTION
• -Survival
• -Family-based economies
• -Important for
• -MAINTENANCE OF RESOURCES
• -LABOR POOL
• -SUPPORT AND ASSISTANCE

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With most descent groups..

• Which family youre a functional and economic
  member of is pretty strictly defined
• An organized system of
• Ownership
• Labor
• Assistance
• Inheritance

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Descent Groups

• Relatives who live their lives in close proximity
  to one another.
• Characteristics
• Have a strong sense of identity.
• Often share maintain communally held property.
• Structured work units.
• Provide economic other assistance to one
  another.
• Engage in mutual ceremonies.
• Mechanism for inheriting property and political
  office.
• Control behavior.
• Regulate marriages.

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Rules of Descent Two Types

• Unilineal
• Trace their ancestry through mothers line or
  fathers line, but not both (60).
• Cognatic descent
• Includes ambilineal descent and bilateral
  descent, etc.

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Corporate Nature ofUnilineal Descent Groups

• Lineage members see themselves as members of the
  group rather than individuals.
• Large numbers of family must approve of
  marriages.
• Property is regulated by the group, rather than
  by the individual.
• If a member of a lineage assaults a member of
  another lineage, the assaulter and the group are
  held accountable.
• The kinship group provides security and
  protection for individual members.

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Unilineal Patrilineal Descent

• In a patrilineal descent system, a person is
  connected to relatives of both sexes related
  through males only.

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Patrilineal Descent

• Most common unilineal descent group.
• A man, his children, his brothers children, and
  his sons children are all members of the same
  descent group.
• Females must marry outside their patrilineages.
• A womans children belong to the husbands
  lineage rather than her own.

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Kinship Diagram Symbols (only so you can follow
along)
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Matrilineal Descent

• In a matrilineal descent system, a person is
  connected to kin of both sexes related through
  females only.

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Matrilineal Descent Groups

• A woman, her siblings, her children, her sisters
  children, and her daughters children.
• 15 of the unilineal descent groups found among
  contemporary societies including
• Native Americans (such as Navajo, Cherokee, and
  Iroquois)
• Truk and Trobrianders of the Pacific
• Bemba, Ashanti, and Yao of Africa

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Matrilineal Descent

• These Zuni of New Mexico practice matrilineal
  descent.

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Matriarchy not the same

• The rule of domination of women over men.

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Differences Between Patrilineal and Matrilineal
Descent Groups
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Differences Between Patrilineal and Matrilineal
Descent Groups
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For comparison Cognatic Descent Groups

• A form of descent traced through both females and
  males.
• Approximately 40 of the worlds societies.
• Ambilineal descent
• Affiliates a person to a kin group through either
  the male or the female line.
• Bilateral descent
• Individuals equally emphasize their mothers kin
  and their fathers kin.

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2. Residence patterns

• Important because its Your NEW Unit of
  Production
• Functional kin unit (rather than biological)
• Matrilocal Residence
• Patrilocal Residence
• Neolocal Residence
• Andfor comparison
• Ambilocal Residence
• Bilocal, etc.

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Patrilocal Residence
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Rural Chinese Houses
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Rural Chinese Houses
Traditional rural houses. Baisha, Yunnan, China
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Matrilocal Residence
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Mens houses in New Guinea
New Guinea, Abelam. Decorated Mens
House.60-80ft. Mid 20th century. Anthony
Forge,1962.
Consistent themes in Abelam art are fertility,
masculine power, magic, and warrior proficiency.
All these themes are represented in their mens
houses.
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Mens houses in New Guinea
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Neolocal Residence
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Other (cognatic) residence patterns

• Andfor comparison
• Ambilocal Residence
• Bilocal, etc.
• An Ambilocal example
• The Potlatch . .

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Ambilocal Residence example NW Canada- Potlatch
Ceremony
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3. Terminology Systems (Kinship Classification)

• Functional and psychological grouping
• and dividing
• Eskimo
• Hawaiian
• Iroquois
• Omaha
• Crow
• Sudanese
• - Also important for regulation of
  marriage . .

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For example some common Kinship terms

• Fathers sister (FZ)
• Fathers sisters husband (FZH)
• Fathers brothers wife (FBW)
• Fathers brother (FB)
• Father (F)
• Mother (M)
• Mothers sisters husband (MZH)

• Mothers sister (MZ)
• Mothers brother (MB)
• Mothers brothers wife (MBW)
• Fathers sisters son (FZS)
• Fathers sisters daughter (FZD)
• Fathers brothers son (FBS)

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Iroquois kinship chart
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Cross-Cousin Marriage(. . . gets scary)
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Eskimo Kinship System
- 1/10th of the worlds societies -
Associated with bilateral descent.
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Hawaiian System

• Found in 1/3 of the societies in the world.
• Uses a single term for all relatives of the same
  sex and generation
• A persons father, fathers brother, and mothers
  brother are all referred to as father.
• In childrens generation, the only distinction is
  based on sex - male cousins are as brothers,
  female cousins as sisters.
• Nuclear family members are roughly equivalent to
  more distant kin.