Mating%20Systems - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mating%20Systems

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Mating Systems Causes Types and distribution Ecological factors Polygyny threshold Polyandry Causes of spacing patterns Parental care and female dispersion influence ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Mating%20Systems


1
Mating Systems
  • Causes
  • Types and distribution
  • Ecological factors
  • Polygyny threshold
  • Polyandry

2
Causes of spacing patterns
Males disperse in space to maximize mating
opportunities with females
3
Parental care and female dispersion influence
mating system
4
Monogamy
Lar gibbon
Silver-backed jackal
5
Social monogamy
  • gt 90 of all birds, most biparental care
  • lt 10 of all mammals
  • males help provision young
  • canids, marmosets,carnivorous bats
  • males defend single female
  • dik-dik, some rodents
  • Rare in
  • insects (carrion beetles)
  • Fishes, reptiles, amphibians

6
Mate assistance in Peromyscus californicus
7
Mate assistance monogamy in snow buntings
8
Social monogamy ? genetic monogamy
9
Polygyny (gt 90 of mammals)
10
Ecological correlates of polygyny
  • Females solitary, but ranges defensible by male
  • prosimian primates
  • Females solitary, range not defensible
  • Moose, orangutan
  • Females social, range defensible
  • Seasonal harems - elephant seals, red deer
  • Permanent harems - baboons, zebra, spear-nosed
    bats
  • Females social, range not defensible
  • Female movements unpredictable
  • males follow females, e.g. elephants
  • Female movements predictable - males display on
    leks

11
Polygyny (lt 10 of birds)
  • Males defend food or nesting sites
  • Blackbirds
  • Grouse
  • Cotingas

12
Ecological factors affecting polygyny
  • Female sociality
  • Female movement predictability
  • Habitat heterogeneity

13
Habitat heterogeneity
  • If there is spatial habitat heterogeneity
  • And fixed territory size
  • Then females will have to choose between unmated
    males on poor territories or mated males on rich
    territories or
  • If territory size is related to size or age
  • Then females should choose largest territory

14
Resource defense polygyny
15
Polygyny threshold model
16
Polygyny threshold predictions
  • Polygyny should be most common in patchy habitats
  • Male territory quality influences of females
  • Females mating to already mated males should have
    RS comparable to females pairing with unmated
    males

17
Polygyny in pied flycatchers
18
Polygyny in anolis lizards depends on size
19
Polyandry
  • Rare in birds
  • Sequential - sanderling, stint
  • Simultaneous - phalarope, jacana
  • Cooperative - pukeko
  • Very rare in mammals
  • Tamarins
  • Common in fish

20
Ecological reasons for polyandry
  • Rich resource, eggs are cheap
  • Short breeding season
  • Male biased sex ratio

21
Why should females multiple mate?
22
Pseudoscorpions gain fertility benefit
23
Human mating systems
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