Political Instability and Recovery

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Political Instability and Recovery
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• The Army switching from feudal knights to
  professional soldiers

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• 1300s Feudalism is breaking down

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• Kings Problems
• No male heirs
• Financial difficulties

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• The New Monarchies of Spain, England, and France
  in the 15th century

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The Hundred Years War
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Causes

• Fight for the French Throne (Direct Cause)
• French attempt to control Flanders and English
  wool trade
• French and English sailors fight over rights in
  the English Channel

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• Turning Point in the nature of warfare
• French relied on their armed NOBLE cavalrymen
• Englandrelied on paid foot soldiers and the
  LONGBOW

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French were being beaten by the English up until
1429ish
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Joan of Arc

• Born in 1412
• Very religious
• Feb. 1429 met Charles VII
• Persuaded Charles to allow her to go with the
  French army to Orleans

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• The army was inspired by her and captured Orleans
• In a few weeks the entire valley was freed from
  the English
• She was captured by English in 1430
• 1431killed

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FRENCH WIN!!!!!!!
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Consequences of Hundred Years War on France

• Decrease in population
• Wasted farmland
• Ruined trade
• Unruly nobles made it hard for kings to assert
  power

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Consequences of the Hundred Years War on England

• Strain on economy due to cost of war and lose of
  labor force
• Civil War breaks out War of the Roses

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War of the Roses

• Fight over English throne
• House of York
• House of Lancaster
• 4 Factors leading to the War
• Began in 1455

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Attempts to Establish Unified Countries

• France under Louis XI
• England under Henry VII
• Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella

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Central Europe

• Both Italy and The Holy Roman Empire were not
  unified during this time
• 13th century, Germany was carved up onto hundreds
  of independent states
• 1438, the Habsburg dynasty began to control the
  HRE and gained much land through strategically
  planned marriages.