Hitler

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Hitler the Rise of Nazi Germany

• Ms. Garratt
• Honors World History

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Struggles of the Weimar Republic

• Hated due to signing Versailles Treaty.
• Lack of democratic tradition in Germany
• Weak parliamentary gov due to high of parties.
• This forced the gov to form coalition govs which
  easily fell apart.
• It was under attack from both conservatives and
  liberals

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Inflation

• In 1923 Germany fell behind in its reparations
• So France occupied the coal-rich Ruhr Valley
• Workers went on strike
• German gov printed huge quantities of currency to
  pay reparations
• Result was severe inflation
• German mark became almost worthless.

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Recovery

• Dawes Plan US lent Germany billions to help
  stabilize the German economy and pay reparations
• France withdrew from Ruhr Valley
• Germany began to prosper until Gt. Depression
  hit.
• Hitler promised to restore German greatness put
  the people back to work

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Hitler

• Despised Weimar gov joined Nazi party in 1919
• Tried to seize power in 1923
• Was arrested sent to jail where he wrote Mein
  Kampf (My struggle)

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Landesberg Prison
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Major Ideas of Mein Kampf

• Extreme nationalism
• Race was the single-most important factor in Nazi
  ideology.
• The Aryans were the master race
• Jews were inferior scapegoated for long list of
  problems confronting Germany. Very antisemitic.
• Fascist govs were all anti communist.
• Lebensraum demanded by Nazis
• Women and Motherhood
• Slavic people as slaves to Germans

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What the critics are saying about Mein Kampf
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Road to Power

• Gt Depression helped Hitlers rise to power
• Promised to end reparations, create jobs rearm
  Germany
• Gov was paralyzed by divisions both Nazis
  Communists won more seats in Reichstag
• In 1933 conservative politicians asked Hitler to
  become chancellor
• They despised him but planned to use/control him
• He gained power legally

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Hitler Third Reich

• Within a year he suspended civil rights
• Germany became one-party state
• He disbanded other political parties sent
  political enemies to concentration camps.
• Repudiated Versailles Treaty
• Created totalitarian state
• Used brutal system of terror violence
• Secret police (Gestapo) enforced Hitlers will
• Purged his own party.
• Built concentration camps for those who opposed
  him

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Totalitarian State

• Single party dictatorship
• State control of the economy
• Police spies state terrorism
• Strict censorship government control of the
  media
• Use of schools media to indoctrinate citizens
• Demands unquestioning obedience to Hitler
• All of these are also elements of Fascism.
• What then is the difference? In fascism the
  element of race nationality is paramount.
• In a Communist society the goal is world
  revolution and elimination of nationalism

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Economic Policy

• Hitler used deficit spending to solve Germanys
  economic problems
• Started huge public works projects
• Built highways, housing
• Began rearming Germany in violation of Versailles
  Treaty
• All this stimulated the economy and employed
  people
• Preserved big business but it was under gov
  control along with labor
• Few objected because standard of living improved

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Social Policy

• Indoctrination with racist ideology.
• Youth groups were taught absolute loyalty to
  Hitler
• Youth was prepared for war
• Women were dismissed from upper level jobs the
  university.
• Told their greatest contribution was motherhood.
• Lebensborn program
• Aryan mothers were offered rewards for having
  lots of babies

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Purging German Culture

• Nazis denounced
• Modern art (Dada, surrealism, futurism)
• Jazz
• All Quiet on the Western Front (novel)
• All works by Jewish authors
• Mentally ill were euthanized
• Homosexuals sent to concentration camps
• Jews lost jobs and civil rights

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What type of art is this?
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Nazism the Churches

• Hitler saw Christianity as weak
• Wanted to replace it with a racial creed
• Combined all Protestant sects into one single
  state church to better control them.
• Many Catholic churches were closed and the clergy
  was silenced
• Some did support Hitler though including the Pope
  who recognized the Nazi regime and never uttered
  a complaint against what it was doing to the Jews

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Some Clergy Supported Hitler
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Campaign against the Jews

• Nuremberg Laws 1935
• Over 125 laws passed against Jews between
  1933-1938
• Kristallnacht 1938
• Evian Conference 1938
• Ghetto-ization
• Deportation
• Einsatzgruppen
• Wannsee Conference Final Solution

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How Jews Torment Animals
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How Jews Cheat in Business
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Money is the God of the Jews
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When you see a cross remember how the Jews
brutally murdered Christ
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How to recognize Jews?
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Kristallnacht

• Retaliation for murder of Nazi official in Paris
• Savagely destroyed and vandalized Jewish
  synagogues businesses
• 18,000 Jews rounded up and sent to concentration
  camps
• After destruction of Jewish property Jewish
  communities were given a bill to clean it up

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Synagogue in Berlin
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Maps showing where synagogues were destroyed
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Jewish Businesses Vandalized
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Authoritarianism in Eastern Europe

• Ethnic religious rivalries persisted
  undermined political stability
• Agric economies lacked capital to industrialize
  modernize
• Instability of govs helped fascist rulers gain
  power
• With the exception of Czechoslavakia Finland
  all Eastern European govs were run by right-wing
  dictators

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Mein Kampf