Matter and Life

1
Chapter 1

• Matter and Life

2
Chemistry

• Are you a gambler?
• Chemistry The Central Science
• Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties,
  and its transformations

3
Matter

• Matter any substance that has a mass and volume
  (takes up space)
• 3 States of matter
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas

4
Matter
5
Matter

• Element the fundamental unit of all substances
• Found on the Periodic table
• Unique name and symbol
• First letter of symbol is capitalized, the second
  is always lower case
• Review the Periodic Table powerpoint for more
  information about the periodic table

6
Matter

• Compounds
• Formed when elements combine in a specific ratio
• Chemical Formula - A notation for a chemical
  compound using symbols and subscripts to show the
  exact ratio of atoms of each element that are
  present.

7
Matter

• Mixture
• The combination of more than one pure substance
• Homogenous
• Heterogeneous

8
Example Problem

• Which of the following is not an example of an
  element?
• A. Ni
• B. O2
• C. CO
• D. S8
• E. Co

9
Example Problem

• The chemical formula CoSO4 indicates the compound
  contains
• A. 1 carbon, 1 sulfur, 5 oxygens
• B. 1 carbon, 1 sulfur, 4 oxygens
• C. 1 cobalt, 1 sulfur, 4 oxygens
• D. 1 copper, 1 sulfur, 4 oxygens
• E. 1 cobalt, 1 sulfur, 5 oxygens

10
Example Problem

• Which of the following is not a mixture.
• Pure blood
• Bread
• Toothpaste
• Aluminum foil
• Motor oil

11
Identification of Matter

• Matter is identified according to
• Physical and chemical properties
• Observation of physical and chemical changes

12
Identification of Matter

• Physical properties those that can be described
  without altering chemical composition
• Chemical properties indicate how a chemical
  reacts under a set of conditions

13
Identification of Matter
CHEMICAL
PHYSICAL
Description by senses shape, color, odor,
soluble, miscible, etc. Measurable properties
density, boiling point, acidity, etc.
-Burns -Oxidizes -Decomposition
14
Example Problem

• Which of the following is a physical property of
  aspirin?
• A) Aspirin can moderate some heart disorders
  when ingested.
• B) Aspirin does not decompose when tightly
  sealed in a bottle.
• C) Aspirin yields carbon dioxide and water vapor
  when burned.
• D) Aspirin can be pressed into tablets when
  mixed with cornstarch.
• E) Aspirin reacts with water to produce
  salicylic acid and acetic acid.

15
Identification of Matter

• Physical and Chemical Changes
• Physical change alters a physical property of
  the substance without altering the composition
• Changes in state of matter

16
Identification of Matter

• Physical and Chemical Changes
• Chemical change the starting materials
  composition via chemical reaction is altered
• Illustrated using reaction equation.
• Reactants ? products
• Observations bubbling, change of color, heat,
  etc.

17
Example Problem

• Which of the following causes a chemical change?
• A) winding an alarm clock
• B) turning on a flashlight
• C) slicing a tomato
• D) digging a hole
• E) pumping gasoline

18
Example Problem

• Consider the chemical reaction described as
• mercury(II) oxide ? mercury oxygen.
• Identify the reactant(s) in this example.
• A) heat
• B) mercury oxygen
• C) mercury(II) oxide
• D) mercury
• E) oxygen

19
Optional Homework

• Text 1.18, 1.24, 1.26, 1.28, 1.34, 1.36, 1.40,
  1.44, 1.46, 1.56
• Chapter 1 Homework found online

20
Required Homework

• Look at The Periodic Table power point online.