Telecommunications, the Internet, Intranets, and Extranets

1
Telecommunications, the Internet, Intranets, and
Extranets

• Chapter 4

2
Principles and Learning Objectives

• The effective use of telecommunications and
  networks can turn a company into an agile,
  powerful, and creative organization, giving it a
  long-term competitive advantage.
• Define the term telecommunications and identify
  and describe the function of the components of a
  telecommunications system.
• Identify and briefly describe three basic data
  processing strategies, including their advantages
  and disadvantages.

3
Principles and Learning Objectives

• The Internet is like many other technologies -
  it provides a wide range of services, some of
  which are effective and practical for use today
  others are still evolving, and still others will
  fade away from lack of use.
• Briefly describe how the Internet works,
  including alternatives for connecting to it and
  the role of Internet service providers.
• Identify and briefly describe common Internet
  services.

4
Principles and Learning Objectives

• Originally developed as a document-management
  system, the World Wide Web is a menu-based system
  that is easy to use for personal and business
  applications.
• Describe the World Wide Web and the way it works,
  including the use of Web browsers, search
  engines, Java, and other Web tools.
• Define the terms intranet and extranet and
  discuss how organizations are using them.
• Identify several control and management issues
  associated with the use of networks.

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Elements of a Telecommunications System
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Media Types
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Common Wiring and Cabling Types
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Common Telecommunications Devices
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Carriers and Services

• Common carriers
• Switched lines
• Digital subscriber lines (DSL)

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Costs, Advantages, and Disadvantages of Several
Line and Service Types
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Networks and Distributed Processing

• Computer network - communications media, devices,
  and software needed to connect two or more
  computer systems.
• Centralized processing - processing occurs in a
  single location or facility.
• Decentralized processing - processing devices are
  placed at various locations.
• Distributed processing - computers are placed at
  remote locations but are connected to each other
  via telecommunications devices.

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Terminal-to-Host Connection
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File Server Connection
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Client/Server Connection
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A Typical LAN
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A Wide Area Network
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Connecting Computing Devices Using a Home Network
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Communications Software and Protocols

• Communications software - provides a number of
  important functions in a network
• Network operating system - controls the computer
  systems and devices on a network and allows them
  to communicate with each other
• Network management software - a manager can
  monitor the use of individual computers and
  shared hardware
• Communications protocol - rules and standards
  that make communications possible

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Common Communications Protocols
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Use and Functioning of the Internet
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U.S. Internet Usage by Age, Gender, Region, and
Income
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Routing Messages Over the Internet
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How the Internet Works

• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Transport Control Protocol
• Uniform Resource Locator

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U.S. Top-Level Domain Affiliations
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Three Ways to Access the Internet
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A Representative List of Internet Service
Providers
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Internet and Telecommunications Services
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Summary of Internet Services
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Common Abbreviations Used in Personal E-Mail
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Two Approaches to Electronic Data Interchange
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Public Network and Specialized Services
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The World Wide Web
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The World Wide Web

• An Internet service comprising tens of thousands
  of independently owned computers that work
  together as one.
• Home page
• Hypermedia
• Hypertext markup language (HTML)

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Several Interesting Web Sites
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Sample HTML
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Search Engine
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Web Page Providing Java Applets
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Intranets and Extranets
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Intranets and Extranets

• Intranet an internal corporate network built
  using Internet and WWW standards and products
• Extranet - a network that links selected
  resources of the intranet of a company with its
  customers, suppliers, or other business partners
• Virtual private network - a secure connection
  between two points across the Internet
• Firewall - a device that sits between your
  internal network and the outside Internet

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Summary of Internet, Intranet, and Extranet Users
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Virtual Private Network
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Net Issues
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Privacy and Security

• Cookie
• Cryptography
• Encryption
• Digital Signature

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Cryptography
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Summary

• Networks - used to share hardware, programs, and
  databases across the organization.
• Internet - transmits data from one computer
  (called a host) to another.
• The Web - a collection of tens of thousands of
  independently owned computers that work together
  as one in an Internet service.