VOC Emissions Control from Industrial and Commercial Sources

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VOC Emissions Control from Industrial and
Commercial Sources
SP7 Current Control Strategies for Industrial
Emissions BAQ 2006, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 13-15
December 2006

• Dr. Miriam Lev-On
• The LEVON Group, LLC

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Outline

• Why Control VOCs ?
• What are the trends of VOC Emissions?
• How can we control VOCs and Air Toxics ?
• Large Stationary Sources
• Small Urban and Commercial Sources
• Examples
• Summary

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Why control VOCs ?

• VOCs are precursors to Ozone (smog) formation
• Ozone is readily formed in the atmosphere by the
  reaction of VOCs and NOx in the presence of
  sunlight
• VOCs are a blend of hundreds of volatile organic
  compounds some of which are chemically reactive,
• Examples ethylene, propylene, formaldehyde,
  xylene
• Some of the VOCs are known Hazardous Air
  Pollutants (HAPs), or Air Toxics
• Examples benzene, toluene, perchlorethlyene,
  methylene chloride

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What are the Primary VOC Emitters?

• VOCs are emitted from a variety of sources,
• motor vehicles,
• chemical plants, refineries, other industries,
• consumer and commercial products,
• architectural coatings,
• natural (biogenic) sources.

Typical allocation for man-made sources -
Specifics will vary by location
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U.S. VOC Emissions Trend (1970-2004)
Source USEPA Trends Report, 2005
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UK VOC Emissions Trends (1970 2002)
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Asia VOC Emission Trends by Country
Source WRI Earth Trends Data
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Sources of VOC Emissions (1995)
Source IIASA, 2004, RAINS simulation
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VOC Emission Trends and Projections in East Asia
(Mt VOC)
Source IIASA, 2004, RAINS simulation
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Hierarchy of Emission Control Strategies

• Reduce the volume, or eliminate emissions, of
  volatile organics including toxics by
• process changes, substitution of materials, or
  other modifications
• Enclose systems or processes to eliminate
  emissions
• Collect, capture, or treat these pollutants when
  released from a process vent, stack, storage, or
  fugitive emissions sources
• Design equipment, implement work practice, or
  operational standards
• requirements for operator training or
  certification

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Stationary Source Controls
() IFC Draft General EHS Guideline, September
2006
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Example Koreas Paint VOC Content Standard

• The Korean standard for VOC in paint went into
  effect in July 2005
• The standard calls for low- VOC, eco-friendly
  paint, containing 5-7 less VOCs
• The standard applies to paint for construction
  and for cars,
• Accounts for 41 of total VOC emissions in the
  metropolitan areas

The new standard is expected to reduce 8,000
tons of VOCs in 2006
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Example VOC content in Adidas Footwear
Manufacturing

• Corporate Commitment since 2000 to reduce VOC
  emissions in footwear factories in Asia due to
  solvents used in manufacturing process
• Target an average of 20 grams/pair of shoes
• Footwear suppliers have reduced VOC emissions
  from 140 grams/pair in 2000 to 20.5 grams/pair in
  2005
• Graphical depiction of monthly average for
  supplier from China, Vietnam and Indonesia ( 95
  of supply)

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Summary

• It is important to reduce VOC emissions in order
  to minimize smog formation and population
  exposure to potentially toxic compounds,
• It takes political will as well as technical
  know-how to develop VOC reduction measures that
  are appropriate for the myriad of sources - large
  and small,
• Product reformulation and emission containment
  have proven to be the most successful VOC
  reduction strategies,
• The Air Waste Management Association is in a
  position to help by providing technical
  information exchange training courses
  engineering manuals and specialty conferences

http//www.awma.org