Chapter 5: Cell Division and Specialization

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Chapter 5 Cell Division and Specialization

• Section 5-3
• Cell Specialization and Organization

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Lets Review!

• The cell cycle is divided into three large
  stages interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
• Interphase is further divided into the G1, S, and
  G2 phases
• Mitosis is further divided into prophase,
  metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
• Cytokinesis is divison of the cytoplasm

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Activity

• Open textbooks to page 109, and look at Figure 5-8

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Specialized Cells

• Multicellular organisms are made up of trillions
  of cells, which form groups that have specialties
• Cell specialization means that specific cells are
  uniquely suited to carry out a specific function
• Specializations include movement, responding to
  environmental changes, producing certain products

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Examples of Specialized Cells

• Macrophages specialized cells of the immune
  system

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Macrophages

• Protect our bodies by travelling throughout the
  bloodstream
• At the site of a wound or infection, they appear
  in high numbers to disarm invading organisms
• Cytoplasm is filled with chemicals that attack
  the cell walls of bacteria
• Can also eat invading cells by phagocytosis

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Examples of Specialized Cells

• Neurons specialized cells of the nervous system

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Neurons

• Allow different parts of the body to communicate
• Some of the smallest and thinnest cells
• Function by rapid movement of ions across the
  cell membrane, producing electrical impulses
• Relay information from cell to cell, controlling
  movement and activities of the brain

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Levels of Organization
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Levels of Organization

• Tissue group of similar cells working together
  to perform a specific function
• Examples muscle tissue, connective tissue, nerve
  tissue
• Organ group of similar tissues working together
  to perform a specific function
• Examples muscle, eyes, stomach, etc

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Levels of Organization

• Organ system group of similar organs working
  together to perform a specific function
• Examples digestive system, skeletal system
• Organism an individual living thing a group of
  organ systems working together to perform a
  specific function