The Future of Accelerator R

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The Future of Accelerator RD at Fermilab

• Steve Holmes
• Accelerator Physics Technology Seminar
• January 30, 2007

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Outline

• Strategic Framework
• RD Program Goals
• The Energy Frontier
• Neutrinos
• RD Program Status
• The Accelerator Physics Center

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Strategic FrameworkThe Present Reality

• Fermilab has operated the highest energy particle
  accelerator in the world since 1983. . .
• Current plan Tevatron operations will cease on
  October 1, 2009

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Strategic FrameworkThe Present Reality

• Fermilab currently operates the most advanced
  long-baseline neutrino program in the world. . .
• J-PARC will become competitive in 2010-2011

To SuperKamiokande 750 KW _at_ 50 GeV
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Strategic ContextThe Vision (http//fra-hq.org/pd
fs/Science_Strategy.pdf)

• Fermilab will remain the U.S. center for
  accelerator-based High Energy Physics, and a
  pre-eminent center internationally, for the
  foreseeable future. Major program elements are
• Energy Frontier
• Neutrinos
• ILC is established as the primary goal in
  parallel with strong participation in LHC and a
  world-leading neutrino program whose scope can be
  adjusted depending upon the fate of the ILC.
• A greater focus on longer term RD is a key
  responsibility of the laboratory in the new era.
• Supporting this vision requires a reorientation
  of the mission of the accelerator organization at
  Fermilab to provide enhanced support of
  accelerator RD aimed at the future beyond Run
  II.

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RD Program GoalsEnergy Frontier

• ILC Work with the international community to
  prepare for ILC construction in the decade of
  2011
• Establish Fermilab as the preferred location of
  ILC
• Complete the Engineering Design Report by end of
  this decade
• Complete the accompanying RD and
  industrialization programs
• LHC Assist in successful commissioning and
  develop technologies that could support the LHC
  luminosity upgrade
• Under the aegis of the LHC Accelerator Research
  Program (LARP)
• Muon Collider Develop concepts/technologies that
  could enable a multi-TeV lepton collider as a
  long-term follow on to the ILC
• Newly proposed program based on recent conceptual
  advances in cooling
• In collaboration with the national Muon
  Collaboration

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RD Program GoalsNeutrinos

• Neutrino SuperBeams Develop the Fermilab
  accelerator complex to maintain a world leading
  neutrino program.
• Build towards a 1 MW capability based on
  modification of accelerator assets freed up after
  completion of Run II
• Parallel RD effort on high intensity proton
  accelerators
• Multi-MW proton facility with application either
  to neutrino superbeams, or a muon storage ring
  based neutrino factory or collider
• Neutrino Factory In collaboration with
  international partners pursue RD aimed at
  establishing a viable design concept, and
  critical technology demonstrations, by the end of
  the decade
• Next generation design study and associated
  technology development
• Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment

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RD Program GoalsAdvanced Accelerator RD

• AARD_at_A0 Closeout the A0 facility following
  completion of the final student thesis (fall
  2007?)
• AARD_at_NML Work with the ILC organization and the
  local universities and ANL to establish a
  forefront AARD program utilizing the NML_ILC
  facility at the end of the decade
• AARD elsewhere Identify, and pursue as
  appropriate, experimental and theoretical AARD
  efforts with outside collaborators and at outside
  facilities.

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RD Program GoalsTimeframes
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RD Program StatusEnergy Frontier

• LHC/LARP
• Hardware commissioning underway, preparations for
  beam commissioning well advanced
• Magnet program goal is to demonstrate by
• 2009 that Nb3Sn magnets are a viable
• choice for an LHC IR upgrade
• Initial goal 4m x 90 mm x 200 T/m
• magnets by end of 2009
• Short magnet performance (almost)
• 200 T/m x 1m x 90 mm
• LAFS Fermilab collaboration with CERN on
• software support of beam commissioning (with
  LHC_at_FNAL and LARP)
• Examining possible program expansions, esp. in
  out years and involving university collaborations
• Possible role in development of pre-production
  prototypes and/or production magnets for an LHC
  upgrade (post-LARP)

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RD Program StatusEnergy Frontier

• ILC
• Rapid buildup in resources with effort
  concentrated on the Main Linac (SCRF) and civil
  facilities
• Leadership roles the RDR and associated cost
  estimate
• Working to establish an organization requisite
  support for the EDR
• Muon Collider
• Possible route to multi-TeV leptons
• New concepts have emerged over the last
• few years that warrant a new look at the MC
• and associated cooling schemes
• (e.g. helical cooling channels)
• Task Force has proposed a multi-year RD program
  aimed at 1.5 TeV or beyond collider
• Strong synergies with Neutrino Factory and HINS
  programs

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RD Program StatusNeutrinos

• Proton Development Plan
• Proton Plan I underway
• Goal 320 kW in parallel with antiproton
  production for Run II
• Proton Plan II in advanced planning/initial
  funding
• Now integrated into Nova per direction from DOE
• Conversion of the Recycler to proton accumulation
• Goal 700 kW in post Run II era
• Super NuMI in conceptual design stage
• Utilization of the Accumulator for proton
  momentum stacking
• Goal 1200 kW in post Run II era
• High Intensity Neutrino Source
• Concentrating on development and demonstration of
  key technologies for efficient acceleration of
  high intensity H- beams
• Meson facility descoped to 60 MeV following May
  AAC meeting
• Goal 60 MeV facility demonstrating multiple
  spoke resonators driven by single rf source in
  2010

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RD Program StatusMeson Building Floor Plan
X
60
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RD Program StatusNeutrinos/Computing

• Neutrino Factory
• Work conducted via the U.S. Neutrino Factory and
  Muon Collider Collaboration, which is overseen
  jointly by BNL, Fermilab, and LBNL
• Primary goals are development of a complete
  design concept early in the next decade supported
  by a
• demonstration of cooling technique (MICE)
• Fermilab emphasis is on both conceptual and
• technology development for muon cooling
• MuCool Test Area currently operating with
• cryogenics but without beam
• Plan to install beamline in 2007
• Development of modeling tools under the SciDAC
  program
• Emphasis on beam dynamics associated with high
  intensity beams space-charge and beam-beam
  interaction
• SciDAC II will have strong component in support
  of ILC issues

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RD Program StatusAARD

• What is the role of non-programmatic, aka
  advanced accelerator, RD in the Fermilab
  program?
• Not a traditional strength or point of emphasis
  within the laboratory
• Fermilabs primary mission is operations and will
  remain so for decades generally translates into
  emphasis on near/intermediate term
• However, as the center of U.S. accelerator-based
  HEP at the end of the decade we retain a
  responsibility to invest effort in the longer
  term.
• Discretionary RD is important for maintaining
  flexibility for the future.
• These areas often provide the best opportunities
  for the training of students and other staff.
• Plan to migrate the AARD program from A0 to the
  NML_ILC Test Area.
• Short term solution requires independent ILC gun
• Longer term requires a building expansion.

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Possible Configurations at NMLILC/AARD
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NML AARD Workshop 11/28/06

• Organized by P.Piot and S.Nagaitsev sessions
  chaired by K.J.Kim (ANL), J.Delayen (TJNAF),
  A.Mikhailichenko (Cornell)
• Among very attractive proposals
• ILC crab-cavity test (low-energy beam 50 MeV)
• ILC e SC undulator test (250-750 MeV)
• ILC keep alive e source test (gt500MeV,
  space!)
• DR for Optical Stochastic Cooling experiment
• 4x7 m 250 MeV DR Cornell, MIT, LBNL, FNAL,
  Universities
• importance for HEP LHC, Muon Collider, RHIC
• upto 1GeV/m in DLA structure (small beam size)
• plasma wakefield with witness bunch
• ultra-bright X-ray source (3000 bunches)
• new diagn (optical replica, ODR), swept laser
  accel., etc

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ResourcesFollowing the

• The message
• Significant redirection of resources into the
  intermediate term (primarily ILC and associated
  SRF infrastructure)

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Accelerator Physics Center

• The FRA proposal for the Fermilab operating
  contract included creation of an Accelerator
  Physics Center
• It will contain FNALs advanced accelerator RD
  efforts, it will serve the accelerator physics
  needs of RD programs such as the ILC, and it
  will aid in solving complex issues associated
  with operating accelerators
• So whats the problem we are trying to solve?
• Accelerator Division has great strength in
  accelerator physics, design, construction, and
  operations.
• Historically we have had difficulty executing RD
  programs aimed at the long term in AD.
  Operational demands tend to trump everything
  else.
• Technical Division has great abilities in
  technical RD, but it does not have expertise in
  accelerator physics and operations.
• Fermilabs current situation demands that we
  establish a better mechanism for getting more
  accelerator scientists and engineers involved in
  RD aimed at the long term future.

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Accelerator Physics CenterGoals

• Provide enhanced emphasis on, and support of,
  accelerator RD activities aimed at Fermilabs
  future beyond the current decade.
• Provide both a physical location and an
  organizational structure that can accommodate
  accelerator scientists and engineers, either from
  Fermilab or outside institutions.
• Contribute to the improved performance of the
  existing accelerator complex, and the development
  of new technologies and accelerator concepts that
  could enable new forefront facilities beyond the
  current decade.
• Educate upcoming generations of accelerator
  scientists and engineers.
• Not an isolated enclave disconnected from ongoing
  accelerator activities a structured home where
  all interested staff can participate in future
  oriented RD.

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Accelerator Physics CenterMission

• Coordinate and conduct accelerator RD aimed at
  next-generation and beyond accelerator
  facilities
• Provide accelerator physics support for existing
  operational programs and the evolution thereof
• Train accelerator scientists and engineers
• Provide leadership and coordination in
  establishing the necessary experimental programs
  for a broad range of accelerator RD that can be
  accessed by both Fermilab staff and the world HEP
  community.
• Expect very strong connection, and free flow of
  ideas and people, between APC, AD, TD, CD, and PPD

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Accelerator Physics CenterOrganization
(provisional)
Accelerator Physics Center
Theory, Design, and Modeling
Experimental Facilities
Education
Accelerator PhD
ILC Beam Physics
Experimental AARD
USPAS
Theory Modeling
HINS RD
Peoples Fellows
LHC Accel. Syst.
Muons RD
Summer Program
Energy Deposition
University Consortium
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Accelerator Physics CenterResponsibilities and
Authorities

• The APC is responsible for coordinating and/or
  providing support for accelerator RD at Fermilab
  including activities aimed at
• Improvements to the existing complex,
• Next-generation accelerator facilities, and
• Advanced accelerator RD aimed at the long term
  future.
• The APC collaborates with all the divisions, and
  the ILC Program Office, in a mutually supportive
  manner.
• In some areas the APC is a provider of support,
  in other areas its a receiver

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Accelerator Physics CenterResponsibilities and
Authorities
Specific programs that will initially be
organized and managed by the APC, in either a
primary (P) or supporting (S) role, include

• Accelerator physics support for Run II, Proton
  Plan, and SNuMI (S)
• Simulations, design support, and beam physics
  experiments for ILC (S)
• Development of instruments for, and coordination
  of participation in, commissioning, beam studies,
  operations, and upgrades at the LHC (P)
• High Intensity Neutrino Source conceptual design
  and accelerator physics, including design and
  development of the experimental program at the
  Meson test facility (P)
• Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory RD, including
  design and development of experiments and test
  facilities (P)

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The Accelerator Physics CenterResponsibilities
and Authorities (cont.)

• Development of generic theoretical and simulation
  tools for advanced accelerator calculations in
  areas of energy deposition, beam-beam and
  space-charge effects, linac emittance evolution,
  etc. (P, w/CD)
• Designing and coordinating programs of advanced
  accelerator RD at the NML facility and possibly
  elsewhere (P)
• Accelerator theory and education (P)
• Host the USPAS Office,
• Accelerator PhD program,
• Peoples Fellows, and
• Other accelerator education initiatives

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The Accelerator Physics CenterImplementation

• The APC is imagined as being comprised initially
  of a core of directly assigned persons, derived
  primarily from the existing AD/ Accelerator
  Physics Department and augmented by significant
  numbers of participating staff from AD, TD, PPD,
  and CD.
• The organization chart(s) will show both direct
  and joint assignments
• 30-40 direct assignments initially expected to
  grow as Run II ends
• It is anticipated that there will be a flow of
  persons both into and out of APC as scientific
  and engineering assignments change, and/or the
  laboratory launches new accelerator construction
  projects
• The APC is not imagined as having direct
  operational responsibilities for beam-based test
  facilitiesthese are expected to be the
  responsibility of AD.
• In the event that an RD program evolves into a
  full-fledged facility construction project,
  responsibility for the project will be retained
  by AD (or the ILC organization).

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The Accelerator Physics CenterImplementation

• The APC will retain responsibility for
  coordination of inter-institutional
  collaborations in support of its mission. In
  particular, the APC will work closely with the
  Argonne Accelerator Institute to coordinate
  mutual undertakings in accelerator research.

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Accelerator Physics CenterRelationship to the
Divisions

• The APC will report to the Associate Director for
  Accelerators.
• Along with the Accelerator and Technical
  Divisions the APC comprises the Accelerator
  Organization at Fermilab.
• The goal is a collaborative and efficient
  organization with minimal barriers to interfere
  with pursuit of common goals.
• An important role of the APC is to provide
  support to the ILC Program at Fermilab. It does
  this via the ILC Program Office in the same
  manner as AD and TD do at present.
• APC will assume direct responsibility for
  management and coordination of advanced
  accelerator RD programs as described above.
• Both the AD and TD will provide engineering and
  technical support for APC, and AD and TD staff
  will participate in APC activities.

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Accelerator Physics CenterRelationship to the
Divisions

• AD will retain responsibility for systems
  integration, and the operations and maintenance
  of all beam based accelerator facilities
  necessary to carry out the RD program. Likewise,
  AD will retain responsibility for operations and
  improvements to the accelerator facilities, and
  construction of new accelerator facilities in
  support of the Fermilab research program.
• APC will provide support to AD in the execution
  of these responsibilities.
• TD will retain the primary responsibility for
  developing the technology base for future
  accelerators and for providing support on major
  technical components required for ongoing
  operations and improvements to the existing
  complex.

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Accelerator Physics CenterFAQs

• Who will lead it?
• Vladimir Shiltsev has agreed to serve as the
  initial head
• When will it start?
• Spring
• How can I get in?
• The initial complement of both direct and joint
  assignments is being discussed by Vladimir with
  the division heads.
• While management tends to believe we understand
  many/most peoples aspirations, it does not hurt
  to make your feelings known!
• How do I propose to do something?
• Talk with Vladimir

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Accelerator Physics CenterFAQs

• What is the long term commitment of the lab for
  support of AARD?
• We feel we need to grow the program. A reasonable
  level of support for long term RD (in my
  opinion) would be 5 of the laboratory budget.
• However, an essential goal of APC is to generate
  AARD proposals that can successfully compete for
  funding within the national program.
• We recognize the need for seed money to support
  competitive proposals.
• We will start with the relocated photoinjector
  and Muon Collider programs.

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Summary

• The long term Fermilab future is built on
  leadership in accelerator based programs at the
  energy frontier and in neutrino physics.
• The laboratory needs to organize its effort in a
  manner that recognizes multiple time frames and
  possible branch points.
• Independent of the specific manner in which the
  future plays out, we require greater resources
  and focus on accelerator RD.
• The laboratory needs to be organized in a manner
  that allows success in both our operations and
  RD programs aimed at the future.
• Programs need to be integrated to provide most
  effective execution and give people identifiable
  career paths post-Run II.
• Collaborative efforts are an essential ingredient
• A very significant buildup in resources has
  already started.
• APC is being created to support this approach.