Security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

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Security in MobileAd Hoc Networks

• Thao p Le
• tple_at_cs.wichita.edu
• Department of Computer Sciences,
• Wichita State University

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Outline of Presentation

• Induction to MANET (Mobile Ad-Hoc Network)
• Ad Hoc Networks Architecture
• Attacks to Ad Hoc Networks
• Challenge of Ad Hoc Networks
• Security Solution
• Conclusion

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Introduction

• Ad hoc networks are collections of mobile nodes
  with links that are made or broken in an
  arbitrary way.
• No centralized controller and infrastructure.
• Allows free mobility
• Node acts as host and router to assist in
  transmitting data to other nodes in its range.
• Can be quickly and inexpensively setup
• Applications military, emergency and disaster
  situations.

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MANETs Advantages

• Can access information and services regardless of
  geographic position
• Can set up computer networks at any place and time

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Ad Hoc Networks Architecture

• Rapid setup timeAd hoc mode only needs the
  setting up of radio network interface card (NICs)
  in the user devices.
• Better performance possibleThe question of
  performance with ad hoc mode is certainly
  doubtful.
• Limited network access.There is no distribution
  system with ad hoc wireless LANs, users dont
  have effective access to the internet and other
  wired network services.

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Ad Hoc Networks Architecture (cont.)

• Difficult network managementNetwork management
  becomes a headache with ad hoc networks because
  of the fluidity of the network topology and lack
  of a centralized device.

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Attacks to Ad Hoc Networks

• Two types of attacks target Ad Hoc network
• External attacks
• MAC layer jamming
• Traffic analysis
• Internal attacks
• Compromised host sending false routing
  information
• Fake authentication and authorization
• Traffic flooding

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Challenge of Ad Hoc Networks

• Dynamic topology
• Movement, node failure, etc.
• Heterogeneous and decentralized control
• Limited resources
• Bandwidth, processing ability, energy
• Unfriendly environment
• Selfish nodes, malicious attackers

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Challenge of Ad Hoc Networks (cont.)

• Authentication and accounting
• No fixed membership
• Security concern
• Open medium without any centralized control
• Real time services
• Dynamic topology and slow routing information
  distribution
• Limited bandwidth
• Congestion is typically the norm rather than the
  exception.

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Problems with Security Measures

• Deficiencies of intrusion prevention
• Increases the overhead during normal operations
  of Ad Hoc networks
• Restriction on power consumption and computation
  capability prevent the usage of complex
  encryption algorithms
• Flat infrastructure increases the difficulty for
  the key management and distribution
• Cannot guard against internal attacks

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Security Solution

• The Multi-fence Approach in Security Solution
• The proactive approach attempts to prevent
  security threats in the first place.
• The reactive approach seeks to detect threats a
  posteriori (derived by reasoning from observed
  facts) and react accordingly. The reactive
  approach is widely used to protect packet
  forwarding operations.

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Security Solution (cont.)

• Ad hoc Secure Routing
• Source Node Routing( DSR)
• Distance Vector Routing (DSDV and AODV)
• Link State Routing Secure Link State Routing
  (SLSP)
• Other Routing Protocols ARAN

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Conclusion

• The research on MANET security is still in its
  early stage. The existing proposals are typically
  attack-oriented in that they first identify
  several security threats and then enhance the
  existing protocol or propose a new protocol to
  thwart such threats. Because the solutions are
  designed explicitly with certain attack models in
  mind, they work well in the presence of
  designated attacks but may collapse under
  anticipated attacks. Therefore, a more ambitious
  goal for ad hoc network security is to develop a
  multi-fence security solution that is embedded
  into possibly every component in the network,
  resulting in in-depth protection that offers
  multiple lines of defense against many both known
  and unknown security threats.

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Sources

• 1 Cavin et al., "On the accuracy of MANET
  simulators," Proc. ACM Workshop on Princ. Mobile
  Computing
• 2 K.-W. Chin, et al., "Implementation
  Experience with MANET Routing Protocols," ACM
  SIGCOMM Computer Communications Review, Nov.
  2002, pp. 49-59. Available online.
• 3 Frodigh, et al, "Wireless Ad Hoc Networking
  The Art of Networking without a Network,"
  Ericsson Review, No. 4, 2000. online. 4 M. S.
  Corson et al., "Internet-Based Mobile Ad Hoc
  Networking," IEEE Internet Computing, July-August
  1999
• 5 C. Elliott and B. Heile, "Self-Organizing,
  Self-Healing Wireless Networks," Proc. 2000 IEEE
• 6 K. Kim, "A New Mobile Environment Mobile Ad
  Hoc Networks (MANET)," IEEE
• 7 C. Perkins and E Royer, Ad Hoc On-Demand
  Distance Vector Routing, 2nd IEEE Wksp. Mobile
  Comp. Sys.and Apps., 1999