Eukaryotic microorganisms

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Eukaryotic microorganisms
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Fungal anatomy Thalli
hyphae
mycelium
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Fungal anatomyFruiting bodies

• Sporangiospores (sac)

• Chlamydospores (walled in)

• Conidiospores (no sac)

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Important yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae

• Thallus
• Fruiting body
• blastoconidia

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Important yeastsCandida albicans
Bauman Fig. 22.10
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Important molds Rhizopus spp.
Leboff Pierce, Figs. 10-4
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Important molds Aspergillus spp.
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Important molds Penicillium spp.
conidiophores
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Major Groups of True Parasites

• Protozoans
• Single-celled eukaryotes
• Malaria, Giardia, Trichomonas vaginalis
• Helminths (The Worms)
• Multicellular animals
• Flukes, Tapeworms, Roundworms
• Ectoparasites
• Multicellular animals
• Live outside the host
• Ticks, Lice, Fleas

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Protozoan Parasites

• Single-celled eukaryotes
• Can invade
• Tissues- Trypanosomes, Toxoplasma, Plasmodium
• Intestinal lumen- Entamoeba histolytica,
  cryptosporidium

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Protozoans general life cycles
Trophozoite(active, feeding)
Adverse environment
Release of active cellular form
Encystment
Excystment
Cyst formation
Moisture, nutrients
Cyst(dormant, resting)
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Entamoeba histolytica

• Epidemiology Worldwide distribution- Mexico,
  India, West and South Africa, South America
• 10 of the worlds population is infected
• Most are asymptomatic (carriers)
• 50-100,000 deaths per year
• Vector Flys carry cysts from human feces to
  human food or water or humans self-infect after
  touching fecally contaminated items, can be
  sexually transmitted

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Entamoeba histolytica

• Reservoir Humans are the only hosts
• Pathologies
• Mild to severe intestinal discomfort
• Dysentary (bloody diarrhea)
• Can invade and destroy the liver
• Treated with Metronidazole (flagyl)

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Trypanosoma brucei
African sleeping sickness
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Trypanosoma cruzi

• Epidemiology
• Mexico to S. America
• 16-18 million people are infected (45,000 die per
  year)
• Vector Reduviid bug (aka. kissing bug)

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Trypanosoma cruzi(Chagas Disease)

• Reservoir rodents, armadillos, dogs, cats
• Pathologies
• Inflammation at bite
• Swelling of the eyes
• Fever, malaise
• Enlarged Heart
• Heart Failure

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Plasmodium spp.
malaria
schizont
Infected RBC
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MALARIA

• Kills 1-2 million/year
• Loss of productivity
• Vaccines slow
• Mosquito abatement
• Swamps

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Plasmodium Life Cycle
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Co-Incidence
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Toxoplasma gondii
Toxoplasmosis
Bow-shaped cells
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Giardia lamblia a.k.a. Giardia intestinalis
giardiasis