Ch0: INTRODUCTION

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• 0.1 Mobile communications
• 1st generation analog voice service
• AMPS(USA), Advances Mobile Phone Service, IS-54
• NMTS(Europe), Nordic Mobile Telephone System
• TACS(England), Total Access Communication System
• NAMTS(Japan), NEC Advances Mobile Telephone
  System
• 2nd generation voice and data service
• D-AMPS(USA), Digital-AMPS, IS-136
• GSM(Europe), Global System for Mobile
  Communication
• DCS(England), Digital Cellular System
• PDC(Japan), Personal Digital Cellular
• CDMA(North American), IS-95
• 3rd generation voice, data and multi-media
  service (2Mbps)
• 4th generation voice, data and interactive-media
  service (156Mbps)

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• Quality of Service in old generations
• Voice Quality (improved) , Coverage (world-wide
  seamless access) Costs (low)
• Quality of Service aspects low BER and low
  delay time
• New Services and Capabilities in new generations
• Enabling new voice and data service that are not
  currently available with 1G and 2G technology
• High bandwidth services (data, image, multimedia)
  

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• 0.2 Development of CDMA
• Spread spectrum communications originate from MIT
  Lincoln Labs since 1920s.
• The theory of spread spectrum communications has
  been well known since the late 1940's.
• It has been used somewhat intensively in the
  field of secure military communications since
  1950's, but in commercial applications it is a
  relatively new technique.
• The spread spectrum technique has been released
  from military since 1970s.
• The first major commercial application of spread
  spectrum techniques was the Global Positioning
  System (GPS).
• R.G. Cooper and Nettleton proposed the North
  American DS-CDMA systems in 1977. It is further
  commercialized by Qualcomm as narrowband
  CDMA(IS-95)

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• 0.3 3G development history
• In 1985 ITU (International Telecommunication
  Union) proposed the 3G specification, which is
  called FPLMTS (Future Public Land Mobile
  Telecommunication Systems). In 1996 it is renamed
  as IMT-2000 (International Mobile
  Telecommunication) and defines the specifications
• 144K bps in fast moving speed
• 384K bps in walking, slow moving speed
• 2M bps in standstill environment
• Proposals for 3G Standards
• Wideband-CDMA (Europe)
• CDMA-2000 (North American)
• TD-SCDMA (China)

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• W-CDMA
• It is proposed by Ericsson (Sweden) and NTT
  DoCoMo (Japan) which is an extension of GSM
  systems. In 2001, The first W-CDMA 3G service is
  proposed in Japan by the DoCoMo company.
• CDMA-2000
• It is an extension of narrowband CDMA (IS-95)
• CDMA-2000 1X, wideband service, 307K bps in 1.25M
  Hz BW
• CDMA-2000 3X, wideband service 2M bps in 5M Hz BW
• CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO
• CDMA one, narrowband service, 8 voices, 64K
  bps/channel
• In 2000, The telecommunication company in Korean
  proposed CDMA 2000 1X system and the Samsung
  Electronics company propose a few types of
  CDMA-2000 1X handsets.
• TD-SCDMA
• It is the combination of TDMA system and
  synchronization CDMA, which is proposed by the
  Simens (Germany) and Datang (China) in 1999.

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• 3G Telecommunication licenses
• Taiwan A,B,C,D for W-CDMW at 2G Hz and E for
  CDMA2000 at 800M Hz.
• Japan 2 for W-CDMA and 1 for CDMA2000
• Korean 3 for W-CDMA and 1 for CDMA2000

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• 0.4 International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• IMT-2000
• International Mobile Telecommunications 2000
• the time schedule for the first trial system
  year 2000
• the frequency range to be used around 2000 MHz
• The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
  is responsible for the IMT-2000 specification.
• The requirements for the 3G standardisation have
  been discussed under the term FPLMTS (Future
  Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System)
  since the early 1990s.
• In the mid 1990s the term FPLMTS was changed to
  the term IMT-2000.
• UMTS
• UMTS stands for Universal Mobile
  Telecommunications System
• UMTS is a member of the ITUs IMT-2000 global
  family of 3G mobile communication systems
• The European Telecommunication Standards
  Institute ETSI is responsible for the UMTS
  standardization
• UMTS is the successor standard to the second
  generation GSM.
• UMTS will play a key role in creating the future
  mass market for high-quality wireless multimedia
  communications that will approach 2 billion users
  worldwide by the year 2010

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• Seamless World-wide Access

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• Air Interfaces for 3G

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• Air Interfaces for 3G

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• Spectrum Allocation for 3G

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• Evolutionary Path of GSM towards UMTS

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• 0.5 4G possible techniques
• W-CDMA with OFDM technique ? Multi-Carrier CDMA
• LAS-CDMA (large area synchronization CDMA by
  China)
• Position CDMA
• 4G standards will be proposed in 2010 ( NTT
  DoCoMo plans to propose the 4G standard in 2007).

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• 0.6 Principles of spread spectrum systems

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• The major applications of spread spectrum
  communications are
• for military purpose, which requires
• Security or low probability of interception
• Anti-jamming, anti-interference
• for commercial purpose, which requires
• Multiple access capability
• Anti-multipath fading
• Anti-jamming, anti-interference

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• Multiple access
• One of the most advantageous properties of spread
  spectrum technique is that it can be very
  conveniently used as a multiple access method.
• In the traditional multiple access schemes, the
  fundamental resources are frequency and time.
• frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and
• time division multiple access (TDMA),.
• In CDMA, multiple users are using the same
  frequency band at the same time (time and
  frequency overlap). The key elements are the used
  spreading codes and their properties.
• Show a lot of block diagrams of CDMA systems in
  the following.

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• Digital Communication Systems

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• Digital Communication Systems and CDMA systems

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• Text Book layout (Topics for CDMA systems)

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• CDMA with QPSK Modulation Systems

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• Uplink CDMA Systems

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• Uplink CDMA Systems with multicode transmission

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• Downlink CDMA Systems

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• 0.7 Important Topics for CDMA network systems
  (physical layer)
• PN sequences
• Code acquisition
• Code tracking
• Modulation/demodulation
• Power control
• Adaptive CDMA networks
• Radio channel
• Multiuser detection
• Advanced CDMA systems, MC-CDMA, OFDM

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• 0.8 Reference
• S.G. Glisic, Adaptive WCDMA, , Chapter 1
• CDMD development group, http//www.cdg.org
• 3G Partnership Project 2,http//www.3gpp2.org/
• 3 G Partnership Project,http//www.3gpp.org/
• 3G Today - IMT-2000 Standard,http//www.3gtoday.co
  m/index.html
• CDMA2000,http//www.ericsson.com/
• Cellular Online,http//www.cellular.co.za/main.htm
  
• Cellular Technologies Of The World,http//www.cell
  ular.co.za/main.htm
• Philips Consumer Communications,http//www.wca.org
  /dgibson/index.htm
• TDD White Paper,http//www.tddcoalition.org/
• TD-SCDMA White Paper,http//www.siemens-mobile.com
  /mobile
• Wireless Web Features - TD-SCDMA and W-CDMA make
  ideal partners for 3G,http//wireless.iop.org/
• UMTS World,http//www.umtsworld.com/default.htm