Anthropometrics

1
AnthropometricsAnatomy
2
Go Ergo

• ANTHROPOMETRICS

Go Ergo
Go Ergo
3
Differences Between Males Females

• Knuckle Height (standing)
• Elbow Rest Height (standing)
• Hand Length/Grip Span
• Functional Reach
• Strength

4
(No Transcript)
5
(No Transcript)
6
Engineering Anthropometrics

• Anthropometrics
• The science that deals with the measurement of
  size, weight, and proportions of the human body.
• The use of body dimensions and measurements to
  design the system to fit the operator

7
Anthropometric Design

• Design for the RANGE
• Adjustable car seat, elbow rest height
• Design for the EXTREME
• Height design clearance for tall people
• Reach design to be reached by short people
• Design for the AVERAGE
• Public seating, designed to accommodate the
  median of the population in use

8
Why Not Design For Average?
Design Guidelines
9
Design Guidelines
Why Not Design For Average?
When you design for the average, you limit the
most!
10
Design for Adjustability, Extremes, or Average?
Design Guidelines
11
Anthropometric Data
Hand Breadth Length Thickness Breadth Across Thumb
Standing Standing Height Eye Height Elbow
Height Ankle Height
Seated Sitting Height Eye Height Elbow
Height Knee Height
Other Body Weight Arm Reach Foot Length Shoulder
Breadth
12
Using Anthropometric Data

• Calculate Minimum Work Surface Height
• If work is to be performed at elbow rest height
• MWSH popliteal height
• shoe height adjustment
• thigh clearance
• thigh clearance clothing adjustment
• table thickness

Source Tayyari F., and Smith, J.L., Occupational
Ergonomics, Principles and Applications, 1997.
13
Standing Workstation Challenge - Before
Design Guidelines
14
Standing Workstation Dimensions
Design Guidelines
15
Standing Workstation Challenge - After
Design Guidelines
16
Material Handling Challenge - Before
Design Guidelines
17
Material Handling Dimensions
Design Guidelines
18
Safer Lifting Zone

19
Material Handling Challenge - After
Design Guidelines
20
Go Ergo

• ANATOMY

Go Ergo
Go Ergo
21
Do I have a Problem?
The Tools

• Ergonomics Hit List
• Observation tool
• Identify and resolve ergonomic issues

22
Practical Approach
Ergonomics
Find It
23
The Hands

and Wrists
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
Total Physical Stress
Stress from Tensile Forces
Stress from Compressive Forces
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
Washrag
Hit List
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
Tool/Target
Hit List
34
(No Transcript)
35
(No Transcript)
36
Effect of Wrist Postures on Grip Strength
37
The Elbows
38
(No Transcript)
39
Elbows Out
Hit List
40
(No Transcript)
41
Task Design Neutral Postures
Torso - keep back straight
Upper arm - hanging vertical
Forearm - 90 to upper arm
ç
Wrist straight, extension of the forearm
Hands - palms facing each other
42
Bad Vibes
Hit List
43
(No Transcript)
44
The Shoulders and Neck
45
(No Transcript)
46
Shoulder Too High/Shoulder Too Low
Hit List
47
(No Transcript)
48
Optimal Work Zone
The Optimal Work Area
Work Reach Zone
Vision Arcs
49
(No Transcript)
50
Comfort Zone
Hit List
51
(No Transcript)
52
Hungry Head
Hit List
53
(No Transcript)
54
The Back
55

• Unstable Structure

56
Standing vs. Sitting
Lordosis
Kyphosis
57

• Unstable Structure

• Rubber Tires

58

• Uneven Forces

59
Compressive Forces
60
Tension Forces
61
Shear Forces
62
Torsional Forces
63
Biomechanics of the Back
Fulcrum - Leverage
50 lbs. (23kg.)
50 lbs. (23kg.)
20 in. (50 cm)
20 in. (50 cm)
F1 X D1 F2 X D2 F1 x 50cm 23kg X 50 cm F1/50
cm (23kg X 50 cm) / (50cm)
(1150 kg/cm) / (50cm)
F1 X D1 F2 X D2
F1 (23kg)
64
Biomechanics of the Back
Fulcrum - Leverage
202 lbs. (92 kg.)
50 lbs. (23 kg.)
8 in. (20 cm)
32 in. (80 cm)
F1 X D1 F2 X D2 F1 x 20 cm 23kg X 80
cm F1/20 cm (23kg X 80 cm) / (20cm)
(1840 kg/cm) / (20cm)
F1 (92kg)
65
BioMechanics of the Back
Fulcrum - Leverage
Our Back as a Crane
66
Biomechanics of the Back
Fulcrum - Leverage
67
Biomechanics of the Back
Fulcrum - Leverage
68
Biomechanics of the Back
Fulcrum - Leverage
69
Butts Up
Hit List
70
(No Transcript)
71
Sitting Vs. Standing
72

• Inefficient Lever

73
Horizontal Distance
Hit List
74

• Tight Tolerances

75
(No Transcript)
76
Twist and Shout
Hit List
77
(No Transcript)
78
Sit-Stand
Hit List
79
Dont Give Me Static
Hit List
80
(No Transcript)
81
Go Ergo

• QUESTIONS?

Go Ergo
Go Ergo