Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf

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STANDALONE WIND INTERFACE GREEN ENERGY SCHEMES

• Prof. Dr. A. M. Sharaf
• ECE, UNB, Canada
• http//www.ece.unb.ca/sharaf

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Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• Objectives
• DVR/MPF Stabilizing Scheme
• DCC Stabilizing Scheme
• GTO Interface Converter Scheme
• APC Stabilizing FACTS Scheme
• Wind-Farm Electricity using PMDC Generator Scheme
• Conclusion Recommendation

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Introduction

• Wind Energy
• Fast growing
• Expect to supply 10 of total Energy by 2025
  Advantages (abundant, clean,renewable)
• Stand-alone WECS
• Village electricity feeding hybrid motorized load
  
• Voltage-stability Problems and Mitigation
  Solution
• Voltage instability Compensation
• Proposed interface/stabilization schemes
  (DVR/MPF, DCC, GTO Converter, APC, Wind-Farm
  PMDC)
• Digital simulation validation using
  Matlab/Simulink/PS-Blockset

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Introduction contd

• Stand-alone WECS structure

1n
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Research Objectives

• Develop digital models (for machines, nonlinear
  loads, converter/compensator interface, PWM and
  novel stabilizing controllers)
• Validate the village wind energy interface
  schemes using (DVR/MPF, DCC, APC, Converter)
• Investigate Flexible AC Transmission FACTS-based
  dynamic controllers
• Recommend low cost stand-alone village wind
  energy interface schemes

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DVR/MPF Scheme
Linear Nonlinear Motorized
Generator can be IG or PMSG
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DVR/MPF Scheme Contd
,

• Hybrid Load

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DVR/MPF Scheme Contd

• Dynamic Voltage Regulator Modulated Power
  Filter
• (developed by Dr. Sharaf)

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DVR/MPF Scheme Contd Typical GTO and
Protection Circuits (ABB)
Turn on Li----di/dt Rs---discharge of Cs
Turn off Cs----dv/dt
Data sheet
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DVR/MPF Scheme Contd Capacitor overvoltage
Protection using Metal Oxide Varistors (MOV)
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DVR/MPF Scheme Contd

• Triloop Controller (developed by Dr. Sharaf)

Main Loop
Supplementary Loops
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DVR/MPF Scheme ContdSimulation Results
Sequenced wind load Disturbance t0.1s Load
excursion applied, 30 t0.3s Load excursion
removed, 30 t0.5s Wind Speed excursion
applied, -30 t0.7s Wind Speed excursion
removed, -30.
Voltage vs time
Voltage vs time
Vw -30
1 0.9 0.8
1 0.9 0.8
SL 30
Without the DVR/MPF
With the DVR/MPF
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DVR/MPF Scheme Contd Simulation Results
Power vs Time
0.5 0.45
Vw -30
0.4 0.35
SL 30
With DVR/MPF
Without DVR/MPF
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DVR/MPF Scheme Contd Simulation Results
et
Vc
PWM pulses
time
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DCC Scheme

• DCC Scheme with IG (Induction Generator)

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DCC Scheme Contd

• DCC

3 GTO switching stages
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DCC Scheme Contd
Controller parameters are selected by off-line
guided trial error for Best voltage
stabilization Max Pg extraction

• Dual-loop controller 1

Tri-loop Controller 2
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DCC Scheme Contd
Wind and load variation sequence t0.1s Load
excursion applied, 40t0.3s Load excursion
removed, 40t0.5s Load excursion applied,
-40t0.7s Load excursion removed, -40t0.9s
Wind Speed excursion applied, -30 t1.1s Wind
Speed excursion removed, -30t1.3s Wind Speed
excursion applied, 30t1.5s Wind Speed
excursion removed, 30
Without DCC
With DCC
Vg_rms
/-10
Pg
time
time
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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DCC Scheme Contd
Controller 2
Controller 1
et
Vc
PWM pulses
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SPWM GTO Converter Scheme
Output LC Filter
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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SPWM GTO Converter Scheme Contd
Smoothing
DC storage capacitor
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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SPWM GTO Converter Scheme Contd
Loop 1 (V-Load)
Loop 2 (V-generator)
et
Vc Modulation index
Loop 3 (V-DC-link)
Developed by Dr. Sharaf
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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SPWM GTO Converter Scheme Contd (Dynamic
simulation results)
Wind Load disturbance sequence t0.03s Load
excursion applied, 30t0.04s Load excursion
removed, 30t0.05s Load excursion applied,
-30t0.06s Load excursion removed, -30t0.07s
Wind Speed excursion applied, -30t0.08s Wind
Speed excursion removed, -30t0.09s Wind Speed
excursion applied, 30 t0.10s Wind Speed
excursion removed, 30
Vg_rms
/- 3
Pg
Without SPWM GTO Converter
With SPWM GTO Converter
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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SPWM GTO Converter Scheme Contd (Dynamic
simulation results)
et
VL-rms
Vc
Vdc
pulses
time
time
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Novel Active Power Compensator Scheme
Developed by Dr. Sharaf
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Novel Active Power Compensator Scheme Contd
P Q exchange at generator bus
Asynchronous
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Active Power Compensator Scheme Contd
Loop 1 (Vg)
Loop 2 (Ig)
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Active Power Compensator Scheme Contd
(simulation results)
Wind Load disturbance sequence t0.03s Load
excursion applied, 30t0.04s Load excursion
removed, 30 t0.05s Load excursion applied,
-30 t0.06s Load excursion removed, -30
t0.07s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30
t0.08s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30
t0.09s Wind Speed excursion applied, 30
t0.10s Wind Speed excursion removed, 30
With APC
Without APC
Vg_rms
/-5
Pg
time
time
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Active Power Compensator Scheme Contd
(simulation results)
Pf
et
Vc
Qf
Pulses1
time
time
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A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC
Generator
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC
Generator Contd
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC
Generator Contd
Loop 1 (V-Load) Stabilizer
Loop 2 (I-Load) Dynamic Tracking
Loop 3 (V-generator) Stabilizer
Developed by Dr. Sharaf
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC
Generator Contd (Simulation results)
Wind Load disturbance sequence t0.03s Load
excursion applied, 30t0.04s Load excursion
removed, 30 t0.05s Load excursion applied,
-30 t0.06s Load excursion removed, -30
t0.07s Wind Speed excursion applied, -30
t0.08s Wind Speed excursion removed, -30
t0.09s Wind Speed excursion applied, 30
t0.10s Wind Speed excursion removed, 30
Vg
Pg
time
time
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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A Novel Farm-Electricity WECS Scheme using PM-DC
Generator Contd (Simulation results)
Vinverter
et
Vc
VL
VL-mag
pulses1
time
time
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ConclusionThe research validated six novel WECS
Interface Stabilization schemes namely

• Scheme 1 Dynamic voltage regulator/modulated
  power filter (DVR/MPF) scheme with IG
• Scheme 2 DVR/MPF Scheme with PMSG
• Scheme 3 Dynamic capacitor compensation (DCC)
  scheme with IG
• Scheme 4 DC-link SPWM 6-pulse GTO Converter
  Scheme with IG
• Scheme 5 Active/reactive Power Compensation
  (APC) Scheme
• Scheme 6 Farm Electricity Scheme with PM-DC
  Generator

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Conclusion Contd
DVR/MPF DVR/MPF DCC with IG DC-link SPWM Converter with IG APC with IG Converter with PMDC
IG PMSG DCC with IG DC-link SPWM Converter with IG APC with IG Converter with PMDC
Elements Series CAP Parallel Filter Series CAP Parallel Filter Series CAP Parallel CAPs Diode Rect. RLC Filter GTO-VSI and Output Filter VSI APC IGBT-VSI
Controller Tri-loop Tri-loop Dual-loop Tri-loop Tri-loop dual-loop Tri-loop
Switching PWM PWM PWM SPWM (Asyn) SPWM (Asyn) SPWM (Asyn)
Performance Vg stabilization Vg stabilization Vg stabilization Vg stabilization Vg stabilization Vg stabilization
Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Conclusion Contd Recommendation

• The research study is now being extended to other
  hybrid energy schemes such as solar/small
  hydro/micro-gas/hydrogen generation/small
  NG-fired turbine/biomass/sterling cycle/fuel cell
  technology and integrated distributed generation.
  
• New dynamic FACTS based converter topology for
  hybrid (wind/PV/others) renewable energy schemes.
  
• Novel AI/neuro-fuzzy/soft computing based
  effective stabilization and control schemes.
• Build a full laboratory micro system simulator to
  study new FACTS converter and controller
  effectiveness.

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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PUBLICATIONS 6 Papers have been
published/accepted/submitted

1. A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, A Switched Dynamic
   Power Filter/Compensator Scheme for Stand Alone
   Wind Energy Schemes. IEEE Canada, Canadian
   Conference on Electrical Computer Engineering
   CCECE2004. May 2-5 2004. Dundas, Ontario, Canada.
   (Accepted)
2. A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, Wind System Voltage
   and Energy Enhancement Using PWM-Switched Dynamic
   Capacitor Compensation. IEEE sponsored, EPE
   PEMC 04. European Power Electronics and Motion
   Control Conference, September 2-4 2004. Riga,
   Latvia. (Accepted)
3. A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, Stand-alone Wind
   Energy System Voltage and Energy Enhancement
   Using A Low Cost Dynamic Capacitor Compensation
   Scheme, Large Engineering Systems Conference on
   Power Engineering, LESCOPE'04, July 28-31, 2004,
   Halifax, Canada. (Accepted)

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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PUBLICATIONS 6 Papers have been
published/accepted/submitted

1. A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, Wind Energy System
   Voltage and Energy Utilization Enhancement Using
   PWM Converter Interface Scheme, PATMOS 2004,
   Fourteenth International Workshop on Power and
   Timing Modeling, Optimization and Simulation,
   September 15 - 17, 2004, Isle of Santorini,
   Greece (Submitted)
2. A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, Stand-alone Wind
   Energy Conversion System with Active Power
   Compensation Scheme, International Journal of
   Energy Technology and Policy (IJETP), Special
   issue on Power Electronics for Distributed and
   Co-Generation. (Submitted)
3. A. M. Sharaf, and G. Wang, A Novel
   Farm-Electricity Wind Energy Scheme using PM-DC
   Generator, IEEE Transaction on Energy
   Conversion. (Submitted)

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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QUESTIONS PLEASE !

• Thank you!

Novel Control Strategies and Interface Converters
for Stand-alone WECS
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Simple Wind Turbine Model (Quasi-static model)

• is the tip speed ratio
• is the specific density of air (1.25)
• is power conversion coefficient
• is the wind turbine rotor velocity in rpm

A is the area swept by the blades R is the
radius of the rotor blades k is equivalent
coefficient of proportionality in per unit
(0.745)
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Typical Wind Turbine Characteristics
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Induction Machine d-q Model
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PWM Model
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Clock
Control signal
Control signal
Sampled Control signal
Sampled Control signal
Triangle wave
Triangle wave
Compared signal
Compared signal
PWM output
PWM output
PWM Waveforms
t (s)
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Asynchronous SPWM Waveforms Demonstration

Reference/control voltage
Carrier
time
shifting
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GTO 5SGA 30J4502 Data Sheet
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GTO 5SGA 30J4502 Data Sheet
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GTO 5SGA 30J4502 Data Sheet
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