Advanced Issues In Programming

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Advanced Issues In Programming

• Java Programming Language (JSE 5)

Tang Kiah Siang WGA040005
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History

• Java history
• originally called Oak programming language1
• In 1991, using Oak underlying technology Java
  programming language was born

• Oak programming language
• Oak main objective
• -designed for handheld devices and set-top
  boxes2
• Oak downfall
• -failed due to the TV set-top box and
  video-on-demand
• industries still in infancy age during 1991

Java programming language Java main objective
-enable rich multimedia features in the
Internet3 Rising Java -with blossoming
Internet era, Sun Microsystems took this
opportunity to concentrate to Internet.
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History

• Who design it?
• James Gosling

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Where is it in use today (actual projects if
possible)?
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Where is it in use today (actual projects if
possible)?
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What programming paradigm(s) does it readily
support?

• Java support multiple programming paradigm, some
  of the important paradigms are-
• Object-oriented programming
• object-oriented programming make possible
  essential features (such as class, object,
  inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction,
  polymorphism, etc) to be implemented in
  application.
• Generic programming
• Generic programming is implemented and supported
  in Java language (JDK 5.0)14.
• Event-driven programming
• Just like Microsoft Visual Studio .net, Java
  IDE(Java Studio Enterprise, Netbeans, JBuilder,
  and etc.) support event-driven programming too.

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What application areas is it most suited for?

• Referring the list below, from sport to aerospace
  application areas, all these colossal
  organizations or business enterprises have chosen
  and fully implemented Java programming language
  for their software. This demonstrate that Java
  programming language have big potential to exceed
  in most of areas.

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What are the features of Java?  

• Platform Independence
• Java Virtual Machine or better known as JVM
  (bundle inside Java Runtime Environment, JRE) is
  the key ingredient that allow Java application
  (java machine code called byte code) to run in
  any platform.
• Object Orientation
• Object-oriented programming provides
  indispensable features such as class, object,
  inheritance, encapsulation, abstraction,
  polymorphism, and etc, to be implemented in java
  application. By correctly implement object
  oriented techniques in software will improves the
  maintenance, reusability, and modifiability of
  software.
• Rich Standard Library
• One of Javas most eye-catching features is its
  standard library. In the JDK 5.0, alone consists
  of hundreds of classes and methods (not to
  mention, other Java technologies like Java Micro
  Edition (JME), Java Enterprise Edition 5 (JEE 5),
  and others java technologies.
• Applet Interface
• In addition to being able to create stand-alone
  applications, Java developers can create programs
  that can be downloaded from a web page and run on
  a client browser.
• Garbage Collection
• Java does not need programmers to explicitly
  free dynamically allocated memory. That is why
  there is no pointer feature in Java. This makes
  Java programs easier to write and less prone to
  memory errors.

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What are the claims made of its security,
portability, efficiency, extensibility, and
maintainability?

• What Sun Microsystems claims-
• Security
• Fundamental the Java SE Platform is a dynamic,
  extensible security architecture, standards-based
  and interoperable18.
• Portability
• Write Once Run Anywhere is the Sun
  Microsystems motto for portability19. Sun
  Microsystems claim Java program could write one
  and run anywhere platform(Solaris, Windows,
  Linux, and Other15) as long there is JVM
  installed in that machine.
• Efficiency
• Sun Microsystems never claim efficiency as part
  of Java language attribute. This can be fairly
  easily understood with the existence of JVM
  layer. However, there is a sign Sun Microsystems
  keep on improving the java programming language
  especially on the JVM. A benchmark has been made
  by Sun Microsystems to illustrate the increase
  performance between J2SE 5.0 and J2SE 1.4.2 (for
  more information, please visit 20)

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What are the claims made of its security,
portability, efficiency, extensibility, and
maintainability?

• Sun Microsystems claims-
• Extensibility
• Extensibility within the program
• Object oriented provide extensibility21
• Extensibility beyond the program
• The portability and extensibility of both XML
  and Java make them the ideal choice for
  information that is exchanged between different
  classes of clients and different servers that run
  on varied system platforms22.
• Maintainability
• Applications that are based on standardized
  packages are easier to maintain23.

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Describe the compilation/interpretation/execution
model it uses.

• The Java compiler translates Java source code
  into a special representation called bytecode
• Java bytecode is not the machine language for
  any traditional CPU
• Another software tool, called an interpreter,
  translates bytecode into machine language and
• executes it
• Therefore the Java compiler is not tied to any
  particular machine
• Java is considered to be architecture-neutral

Figure 1.1 Java Translation 24 (Book Java
Software Solution "Foundations of program
design", Authors John Lewis William Loftus.
Publisher Pearson, Addison Wesley)
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Description of Language

• Scalar data objects
• Scalar data object is considered as elementary
  data objects since these objects only have a
  single attribute25. There are some type that
  can be categorized as scalar data types such as
  numeric data type, booleans, characters, and
  enumerations.

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Description of Language

• Scalar data objects
• Numeric data types

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Description of Language

• Scalar data objects
• Numeric data types

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Description of Language

• Scalar data objects
• Boolean data type

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Description of Language

• Scalar data objects
• Character data type
• Enumeration

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Description of Language

• Composite objects
• Composite data types are those that are built up
  from other (generally scalar) data types.
  Composite data types can be built from elementary
  types and from other composite types. For
  example, string data type was composed from
  series of character.

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Description of Language

• Composite objects
• Composite data types are those that are built up
  from other (generally scalar) data types.
  Composite data types can be built from elementary
  types and from other composite types. For
  example, string data type was composed from
  series of character.
• String
• Pointer

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Description of Language

• Structure objects
• A data object that is constructed as an
  aggregate of other data objects is termed a
  structured data object. A structured data type is
  a type in which each value is a collection of
  component items.
• Array

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Description of Language

• Structure objects
• Record

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Description of Language

• Structure objects
• List

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Description of Language

• Abstract data types
• A mathematical model which may be used to
  capture the essentials of a problem domain in
  order to translate it into a computer program
  examples include queues, lists, stacks, trees,
  graphs, and sets29.

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Description of Language

• Active Objects
• The Active Object design pattern decouples
  method execution from method invocation that
  resides in their own thread of control. The goal
  of an active object is to introduce concurrency,
  by using asynchronous method invocation and a
  scheduler for handling requests30. In Java,
  there is already a concept of an active object,
  which contains a distinguished method, named run
  that can be started on a thread31.

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Description of Language

• Active Objects
• Multithreading

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Final Evaluation
What I think?

• Do you have any basis to agree or disagree with
  any claims made of its security,
• portability, efficiency, extensibility/maintainabi
  lity?
• Security
• Not agree. I did experience security flaw from
  using Java applet once. I think this happen when
  I went to visit a website and I signed an applet
  without knowing it could harm my pc, as a result
  my Internet Explorer browser had been corrupted
  with spams bombardment. After some researches I
  found that Java still need quite a way to go for
  their security, some of concerns I found are-
• Final Project for Computer and Network Security
  (Dougless R.Dechow)33
• Found Java security weakness in Denial of Service
  (DOS), Antagonistic, System Modification and
  Invasion of Privacy that mainly uses Java applets
  to launch attack.
• Portability
• Agree as I have never encounter any portability
  issue for Java application. There is a experiment
  by InfoWorld(publishing company), Eric Hammond
  did a test on Java program on different
  platform(windows, unix and solaris operating
  system) and found no problem at all34.

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Final Evaluation
What I think?

• Do you have any basis to agree or disagree with
  any claims made of its
• security, portability, efficiency,
  extensibility/maintainability?
• Efficiency
• I do think that a machine need to meet certain
  requirement to run a java program efficiently as
  existence of JVM layer play a part as
  intermediate between operation system and java
  application. InfoWorld(publishing company), Eric
  Hammond also did efficiency test on the Java
  application on different old platform(generally
  Pentium Pro 180 processors and 128 RAM) and the
  Java program run in acceptable time and
  efficiently35.
• In addition, there is a sign Sun Microsystems
  keep on improving the java programming language
  especially on the JVM. A benchmark has been made
  by Sun Microsystems to illustrate the increase
  performance between J2SE 5.0 and J2SE 1.4.2 (for
  more information, please visit 20).
• Extensibility
• Extensibility within the program
• Agree. From I learned and experience, object
  oriented concept definitely determine the
  extensibility of a certain program.
• Extensibility beyond the program
• Agree. From my experience, Java and XML is
  prefect partner for IT integration, especially
  for enterprise legacy system and normal
  application to exchange information. One of
  successful project is how Java Technology and XML
  are improving healthcare in Brazil36.

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Final Evaluation
What I think?

• Do you have any basis to agree or disagree with
  any claims made of its security,
• portability, efficiency, extensibility/maintainabi
  lity?
• Maintainability
• I agree that applications that are based on
  standardized packages are easier to maintain. In
  addition, one of the critical strengths of object
  oriented programming has been that the code is
  easier to maintain. Object-oriented code has
  enabled the creation of larger, more
  highly-functional and extensible applications yet
  easy to maintain.

What aspect of this language did you find most
difficult to learn/understand? Multithreading as
I found that to develop a multithreading program
for distributed system could be complicate and
consume time especially when I need to control
the flow of information with a large number of
users at the same time.
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Final Evaluation
What I think?

• How would you rate the programming environment? 
  compiler/interpreter messages?
• Personally, I will give-
• Would you use this language again and if so what
  for? if not, what would you choose to use instead
  and why?
• Yes, I will use Java language-
• Java EE for web services
• Java SE for stand alone application
• Java ME for mobile application
• Design mistakes (in your opinion or the opinion
  of others)? Have they been corrected in other
  languages that were a follow-on. What if anything
  is missing in your opinion?
• No, so far I am happy with all the Java language
  design provides.

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References

• 1 Patrick Naughton. URL http//ils.unc.edu/blaz
  e/java/javahist.html
• 2 Sun Microsystems. URL http//java.sun.com/fea
  tures/1998/05/birthday.html
• 3 Sun Microsystems. San Jose Mercury News
• URL http//java.sun.com/features/1998/05/images/m
  erc_large.gif
• 4 Oreilly. Open Source and NASA's Mars Rover
  (2004)
• URL http//www.onlamp.com/pub/a/onlamp/2004/08/02
  /oss_mars_rover.html
• 5 CNN. Internet language runs
  remote-controlled Mars rover (17 January 2004)
• URL http//www.cnn.com/2004/TECH/space/01/16/spac
  e.mars.java.reut/index.html
• 6 Sun Developer Network. How Nike iD Hurdled
  the Java Technology and Flash Barrier (2006)
• URL http//developers.sun.com/learning/javaoneonl
  ine/2006/coolstuff/TS-9123.pdf
• 7 Sun Developer Network. The Future ARM
  Architecture for Execution Environments (2005)
• URL http//developers.sun.com/learning/javaoneonl
  ine/2005/mobility/TS-7178.pdf
• 8 ARM. ARM Jazelle Technology
• URL http//www.arm.com/products/esd/jazelle_home.
  html
• 9 Sun Developer Network, Steve Meloan.
  Futurama Using Java Technology to Build Robots
  That Can See, Hear Speak, and Move (July 2003)
• URL http//java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticl
  es/Programming/robotics/
• 10 Lejos. Frequently Asked Questions
• URL http//lejos.sourceforge.net/faq.html
• 11 F1 Nutter. McLaren and Java programming

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References

• 19 Sun Microsystems Press. Independent tests
  demonstrate write one run anywhere capabilities
  of Java (18 September 1997)
• URL http//www.sun.com/smi/Press/sunflash/1997-09
  /sunflash.970918.2.xml
• 20 Sun Developer Network. J2SE 5.0
  Performance White Paper
• URL http//java.sun.com/performance/reference/whi
  tepapers/5.0_performance.html2
• 21 Sun Developer Network. Java(TM) Advanced
  Imaging API README
• URL http//java.sun.com/products/java-media/jai/R
  EADME-1_1_2.html
• 22 Sun Developer Network. Java Technology and
  XML FAQs
• URL http//java.sun.com/xml/faq.htmlrelationship
  
• 23 Sun Developer Network. Concurrent
  Programming with J2SE 5.0
• URL http//java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticl
  es/J2SE/concurrency/
• 24 Book Java Software Solution "Foundations of
  program design", Authors John Lewis William
  Loftus. Publisher Pearson, Addison Wesley
• 25 Bharat Kinariwala and Tep Dobry. Scalar
  Data Types
• URL http//www-ee.eng.hawaii.edu/tep/EE160/Book/
  chap5/section2.1.3.html
• 26 Prentice Hall. Fundamental Programming
  Structures in Java
• URL http//www.phptr.com/articles/article.asp?p1
  01766seqNum3rl1
• 27 CPlusPlus.com. Variables. Data Types
• URL http//www.cplusplus.com/doc/tutorial/variabl
  es.html
• 28 Comparing VB.Net to VB6
• URL http//www.thescarms.com/vbasic/VB6vsVBNet.as
  p

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Questions
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Thank you.
Goodbye!