Silk Road

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Silk Road

• For Bond Students from Australia

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Map of Silk Road
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Land Silk Roadmost enduring trade route of
human history

• Name Given by Ferdinand von Richthofen ,1833
  1905, a German Geologist, gave the name in 1877
• Length About 6,400 kilometers
• Beginning to decline 139 BC (Han Dynasty) to 800
  AD (Tang Dynasty)
• Route Changan ( Xian) to Antioch or
  Constantinople (Istanbul)

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• Peak Time Mongolian Empire ( Yuan Dynasty, 13th
  century)
• Purpose Trade by caravans
• Commodities silk (of course), gold, jade, tea
  and spices
• Effects served as a vector for the diffusion of
  ideas and religions (initially Buddhism and then
  Islam), enabling civilizations from Europe, the
  Middle East and Asia to interact

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Names to be remembered

• Han Wudi First Emperor of Han Dynasty
• Unified the Empire
• Conquered the Citystate of Loulan
• Developed relations with the West

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• Zhang QianSpecial Envoy sent by Wudi to explore
  the West
• Marco PoloTook Zhang Qians road to China
• People of Uygur, Han, Hui, Kazak, and other
  nationalities
• Caravans

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Historical Development of Silk Road

• The technique of silk production and weaving was
  fully developed in the beginning bronze age of
  China (Shang period ?)
• In the late 2nd century BC the belligerent
  emperor Han Wudi ??? conquered the territories of
  the Wusun ??, Yuezhi ??, and Xiongnu ?? who
  controlled the ways to Inner Asia and acted as
  intermediary traders.
• Forts and fortified walls(Great Wall) built
• Agarian military garrison established
• Special Envoy sent to Daqin (presently known as
  Rome)

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• Trade and political and cultural exchange along
  the silkroad increased in the end of Eastern Han,
  and during the three centuries of the division
  between north and south (Southern and Northern
  Dynasties, Nanbeichao ???)
• Regular trade with the Central Asian kingdoms
  became crucial in the Sui ? and the Tang Dynasty
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• After the end of Tang the Chinese government and
  economy of Song ? oriented more to the seashore
  and the trade with Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia
  and India
• The trade routes along the silkroad were again
  controlled by Non-Chinese empires

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Contribution to Chinas Social Development

• most famous and longest trade route of human
  history
• A door for foreign cultures, foreign knowledge
  (Indian and Arab astronomy and mathematics)
• foreign ideas, foreign religions (Buddhism,
  Manicheism, Zoroastrianism, Nestorianism, Islam)
• foreign arts (music, dance, painting,
  handicrafts)
• Caravans heading towards China carried gold and
  other precious metals, ivory, precious stones,
  and glass, which was not manufactured in China
  until the fifth century.

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• Chinas Silk product, furs, ceramics, jade,
  bronze objects, lacquer, and iron entering the
  West
• Chinese knowledge (bookprinting, moxibustion,
  rhubarb, paper making, compass, porcelain)
• Developed relations with the northwestern
  nationalities
• Spread Chinese products through middleman to the
  west
• Help the west know the way of life and culutre of
  China
• Exchange ideas
• Enabling civilizations from Europe, the Middle
  East and Asia to interact

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Sea Silk Road
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• Between the 1st and 6th centuries, ships were
  sailing between the Red Sea and India
• Goods were transshipped at the town of Berenike
  along the Red Sea and moved by camels inland to
  the Nile
• From the 9th century, maritime routes controlled
  by the Arab traders emerged and gradually
  undermined the importance of the Silk Road
• The main maritime route started at Canton
  (Guangzhou?), passed through Southeast Asia, the
  Indian Ocean, the Red Sea and then reached
  Alexandria
• From the 15th century, Europeans successfully
  overthrew the Arab control of this lucrative
  trade route to replace it by their own with their
  their maritime technologies
• Ships being able to transport commodities faster
  and cheaper marked the downfall of the Silk Road
  by the 16th century

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Zheng He ( ??, 1371-1435)
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• 1405-1433 Seven voyages led by Zheng He down the
  ocean

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Facts about Zheng Hes Voyage

• 7 Shuttle voyages from 1405-1433
• 200 ships and 27,000 sailors each trip
• Largest boat at that time?

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• 1492, Coloumbus reached America( 87 years later)
• 1487, Diyas found cape of good hope (82 years
  later)
• 1498, Vasco Da Gama reached India (93 years
  later)
• 1521, Mageland reached Phillippines (116 years
  later)
• Why Zheng He(Ming Dynasty) didnt colonize the
  oversea land?

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• Shortly after Zheng Hes last voyage, Ming Court
  prohibited any ocean voyages and trade by sea
  route.
• Why?

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• Thank you all!
• Hope you enjoy.
• Jerry Zhu jerry2004zhu_at_hotmail.com
• Wish you a nice stay in my country!