Plagiarism and Collusion

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Plagiarism and Collusion
2
University Rules

• It is an offence for any student to be guilty
  of, or party to, attempting to commit or
  committing collusion, plagiarism, or any other
  misconduct in an examination or in the
  preparation of work which is submitted for
  assessment.

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What is collusion ?

• Collusion is when students work together on
  assignments which should be completed alone. For
  some assignments students may be required to work
  together and even submit joint / group work for
  assessment, but usually students must submit work
  which is entirely their own. A student who helps
  another produce work is guilty of collusion,
  along with the student who has benefited from
  their help. The course documentation should
  clearly state which assignments, if any, can be
  done in collaboration with others and whether
  that includes producing a joint piece of work or
  only the preparation for it. paraphrse of the
  regulations
• You must only work together on producing an
  assignment if the course specifically allows it,
  otherwise this is Collusion and is an offence

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What is plagiarism?

• Plagiarism is when you use other peoples work
  and dont acknowledge that you have done so by
  citing the sources. If you copy sentences,
  phrases or expressions without saying where you
  have found them then this is plagiarism if you
  paraphrase someone and dont say where the
  original came from this is plagiarism. Listing
  the source in the bibliography isnt good enough.
  Each time you use a source you have to say so.
  Word for word quotations must be either in
  inverted commas, or indented, and fully
  referenced. paraphrase of the regulations
• If you dont correctly acknowledge, in the
  text, every time you have used someone elses
  work, then this is plagiarism

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Explanations and Examples

• Plagiarism is using the work of others without
  acknowledging your sources of information or
  inspiration. This includes
• using words more or less exactly as they have
  been used in articles, lectures, television
  programmes, books, or anywhere else.
• using other peoples ideas or theories without
  saying whose ideas they are.
• paraphrasing what you read or hear without
  stating where it comes from.
• Even if you change words or sentences you have
  borrowed or put them in a different order, the
  result is still plagiarism (Cottrell,S.
  2003133).

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Intentional or Unintentional

• Passing off someone elses work intentionally or
  unintentionally as your own for your own
  benefit.
• (Carroll, J, 2005 cited on http//www.Sussex.ac.au
  k/academic office/1-4-1-2-1.html)
• intentionally or unintentionally. Just
  because you didn't mean to do it, doesn't mean it
  hasn't happened. You are responsible for the work
  you submit, and when you submit it you are
  claiming it is your work. Mitigating
  circumstances, time pressures or other
  difficulties are not excuses for submitting work
  which is not your own, in the long run you will
  only make matters worse.
• (http//www.Sussex.ac.auk/academic
  office/1-4-1-2-1.html)

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Plagiarism Summary

• There are two main types of plagiarism
• 1. Ideas-based Plagiarism
• Taking and reproducing ideas, theories, opinions
  etc. which the writer knows they have read or
  heard from other sources without stating what the
  sources are and where they can be found.
• Even if the ideas, theories opinions etc. are
  written in your own words the result is still
  plagiarism. The only information that can be used
  without reference to source is that deemed to be
  common knowledge within the field.
• Not referring to the source material enough.
  Every time a source is referred to it must be
  fully referenced even if this is several times on
  the same page.

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• 2. Language-based Plagiarism
• Using words in an identical or similar form to
  the original. This includes
• Submitting a complete essay or assignment written
  by someone else as your own work, or
  re-submitting your own previously assessed work.
• Submitting work which includes sections or
  paragraphs written by someone else.
• Cutting and pasting sections or even sentences
  from a web source, even where a sentence is
  copied and then changed by substituting one or
  two words, or changing the word order.
• The above is still plagiarism even if the source
  is fully referenced both in the text and in the
  list of references.

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Example of a fully referenced paper
Kramsch (1998) sees language as the expression of
cultural reality the words people utter refer
to common experience. They express facts, ideas
or events that are communicable because they
refer to a stock of knowledge about the world
that other people share. (1998 3) The
inter-relationship of language and culture is
thus stressed and re-affirmed. Echoing Whorf
(1956), Kramsch also recognises, though, that
language not only expresses experience, it also
creates it. As noted above, however, Pinker
(1994) among others has taken issue with this
view. For the purposes of my research, I
preferred to take a view located somewhere
between those of Kramsch (1998) and Pinker (1994)
that culture has the capacity to create
experience rather than that it inevitably does.
(Page, J. 2004)
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Tips on How to Avoid Plagiarism

• Remember that referring to sources is seen as
  positive in academic writing. It shows you have
  read widely.
• When reading, think about what the author is
  saying, and your reactions before taking notes.
• Only copy what you intend to quote. Ensure that
  you take full bibliographic details, including
  page number!
• The rest of your notes should be in your own
  words. This will save time and worry later.
• Also make notes of your own reactions, but keep
  these separate!

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How to Reference

• For detailed information about referring to
  sources see the University of Sussex library
  on-line tutorial InfoSuss.

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Procedures and Penalties

• If you are suspected of plagiarism or collusion,
  your work, with evidence of the original source
  material, or similarity with someone elses work
  clearly marked, will be sent to the departmental
  Investigating Officer (IO). The IO will then
  decide whether the case is a major or minor case.
  
• If it is deemed to be a Major Breach the case
  will be brought before a Misconduct Hearing.
• If deemed to be a Minor Breach the case will be
  transferred to the responsibility of the
  student's School.
• In both Major and Minor cases, the Investigating
  Officer will initiate a review of the student's
  other work, for other similar instances of
  misconduct
• (http//www.sussex.ac.uk/academicoffice/1-4-1-4.ht
  ml).
• Further information about procedures and
  penalties can also be found at the above website.

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References and Links

• Carroll, J. (2002) The Handbook for Deterring
  Plagiarism in Higher Education, Oxford Brookes
  University, Oxford Centre for Staff
• Comp TIA White Paper, (2004) European
  Interoperability Framework- ICT Industry
  Recommendations
• Cottrell, S. (2003) The Study Skills Handbook,
  Palgrave Study Guides, Palgrave Macmillan
• Deem, R. Brehony, K. Heath, S. (1995) Active
  Citizenship and the Governing of Schools,
  Buckingham and Philadelphia, Open University
  Press
• OLeary, Z. (2005) Researching Real-World
  Problems, London, Sage
• Page, J. (2004) Culture and the Language
  Classroom the Chinese Learner in the United
  Kingdom. MA dissertation, University of Sussex