Lectures 4

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Lectures 4 5 Cardiovascular Reactivity
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General reading in Health Psychology To make the
most of this course you should read the relevant
sections in one of the recommended introductory
texts, either Taylor or Sarafino. The sections
below provide background for the first 4
lectures. They are fairly easy reading. In
Taylor you should read Chapter 2 Systems of the
body Pages 19-31 (nervous, endocrine and
Cardiovascular systems). Chapter 6 Stress
Coping Complete Chapter (pages 178-215). In
Sarafino the equivalent chapters are essentially
Chapter 2 pages 33-34, 51-56 Chapters 3 4
(pages 70-131).
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Cardiovascular Reactivity Some reading The most
cited reference on the topic of CV reactivity is
Krantz DS Manuck SB (1984). Acute
psychophysiologic reactivity and risk of
cardiovascular disease a review and
methodological critique. Psychol. Bull., 96,
435-464. This is essential reading for the
course. It is demanding reading. The latter part
of the paper (from page 447) is most relevant to
lectures 3/4, the sections on CV disease will be
relevant to later lectures. There was special
section of Psychosomatic Medicine devoted to
Cardiovascular Reactivity in 2003. Read Linden
WL, Gerin Davidson K (2003) Cardiovascular
reactivity Status Quo and a research agenda for
the New Millennium. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65,
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Lectures 3/4 (cont). Kamarck TW Lovallo WR
(2003) Cardiovascular reactivity to psychological
challenge conceptual and measurement issues.
Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 9-21. When
discussing appraisal I shall lean heavily on the
studies reported in Tomaka, Blascovich, Kelsey
Leitten (1993) Subjective, physiological and
behavioral effects of threat and challenge
appraisal. J. Per. Soc. Psychol., 65,
248-260. Blascovich Tomaka present a fuller
account of their views in Blascovich Tomaka
(1996) The biopsychosocial model of arousal
regulation. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol., 28, 1-51.
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References on social support and cardiovascular
reactivity Kamarck T (1992) Recent developments
in the the study of cardiovascular reactivity
contributions from psychometric theory and social
psychology. Psychophysiology, 29, 491-503. Lapore
SJ et al, (1993) Social support lowers
cardiovascular reactivity to an acute stressor.
Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, 518-524. Lapore SJ
(1995). Cynicism, social support and
cardiovascular reactivity. Health Psychology,
14, 210-216.
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Obrist study of Beta Blockade. Active Coping
associated with Sympathetic Input to heart.
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Manuck. Comparison of Cardiac Vascular
Reactors
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Lazarus Transactional Model of Stress Coping
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Tomaka Blascovich, following Lazarus
Folkman 2 common stress related
appraisals Threat perception of danger greater
than perception of coping abilities Challenge
perception of danger less than perception of
coping Threat associated with negative emotions -
like Lazarus circumcision film. However challenge
associated with more CV activation (Obrist Active
passive distinction) Tomaka Blascovich attempt
to clarify this. Task Mental arithmetic (Active
Coping) Threat rating of threat greater than
rating of ability to cope (Primary/Secondary). Cha
llenge rating of coping greater than rating of
threat. After task ratings of experienced stress
obtained.
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3 studies, Study 1 preliminary. Study 2. Mental
arithmetic. Subjects classified into threatened
or challenged. Results Subjective
Behavioural Threat group More Stress 3.85 v 2.85
on 7 point scales Threat group performed less
well 2.19 v 2.85 (self ratings) and produced
less correct answers, 10.5 v 14.00 NB results
most clear cut first time tasks carried
out. Physiological .
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T B Study 3 Compare Active Coping (MA as
before) Passive Coping (graphic slides of
accident victims surgery patients. Measures
Active Coping. Threat Challenge as
before Passive Coping Only threat, since no
coping response available. Results Subjective
Behavioural Active Coping similar to Study
2. Physiological results
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