Macromolecules

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Macromolecules

• Structure Function

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You Are What You Eat
Big Mac Meal
http//www.mcdonalds.com/app_controller.nutrition.
mcmeal.bagmeal.html
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Carbohydrates

• C 2H O
• carbo hydrate (water)
• Examples
• Glucose C6H12O6
• Fructose C6H12O6
• Isomers
• Monosaccharides (one sugar)
• Fuel
• Sweet!

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Carbohydrates

• Disaccharides (two sugars)
• Examples
• Sucrose
• Dehydration synthesis

Coca-Cola Classic Carbonated water, high
fructose corn syrup and/or sucrose, caramel
color, phosphoric acid, natural flavors
(vegetable source), caffeine.
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Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides (many sugars)
• Up to thousands of units
• Fuel Storage
• Starch- Plants

Starch Glycogen

• Glycogen- Animals

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Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides (many sugars)
• Up to thousands of units
• Structural

Starch Glycogen
Hard to digest!
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Carbohydrates

• Polysaccharides (many sugars)
• Up to thousands of units
• Structural

Starch Glycogen
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Carbohydrate Structures
disaccharide
monosaccharide
polysaccharide
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Lipids

• Hydrophobic
• Oil water do not mix!
• Less O

• Examples
• Fatty acid
• Triglyceride
• Saturated
• Unsaturated

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Lipids
Large French Fries Potatoes, partially
hydrogenated soybean oil, natural flavor (beef
source), dextrose, sodium acid pyrophosphate (to
preserve natural color). Cooked in partially
hydrogenated vegetable oils (may contain
partially hydrogenated soybean oil and/or
partially hydrogenated corn oil and/or partially
hydrogenated canola oil and/or cottonseed oil
and/or sunflower oil and/or corn oil).
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Lipids

• Energy Storage!
• 1 g of carbohydrate ? 4 calories
• 1 g of fat ? 9 calories
• Fuel of choice for flying insects
• Insulation
• Waterproofing
• Membrane
• Phospholipid
• Steroids
• Cholesterol
• Hormones

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Fatty acid
Phospholipid
Steroid
Triglyceride
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Fatty acid
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Proteins

• Workers of the cell
• Responsible for most of what cells do
• Diverse!
• Amino acids
• Building blocks
• Dehydration synthesis
• Polypeptide

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Protein Structure

• Primary- amino acid sequence
• Secondary
• Regular folding
• ? helix
• ? pleated sheet
• Hydrogen bonding between O?----?H-N on the
  polypeptide backbone
• Tertiary
• Folding
• Interactions between the side groups

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Hydrophobic interaction
Hydrogen bonds
Tertiary Structure
Disulfide bridge
Ionic bonds
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Protein Structure

• Quaternary
• More than one polypeptide
• More than one gene!

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Protein Function

• Structural support
• Collagen, silk, keratin

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Transport
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Hormones
Insulin
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Receptors
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Defense
Antibody
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Enzymes

• A protein that does a special job
• Thousands in the body
• Catalyze reactions
• Reusable

http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/mmdb/mmdbsrv
.cgi?form6dbtDoptsuid24928
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ATPase
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Nucleic Acid

• DNA RNA (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, more)
• Store information for making protein
• Genes sequence that codes for a protein
• Four nucleotide bases
• Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

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Nucleotide
Nitrogen Base
Phosphate
Sugar
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Polynucleotide
Hydrogen Bonds
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