A Revolution Devours its Own Children

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A Revolution Devours its Own Children
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The Political ClubsThe Girondists and the
Jacobins

• In its final stages, the French Revolution
  splits. The split was between radicals and
  moderates and those that wanted less than a full
  revolutionary republic were arrested or executed.
• Democracy was new to France and political parties
  had not yet been established so Political Clubs
  were the alternative
• Two of the most important clubs were
• The Girondists were viewed as too conservative
• The Jacobins were radical and were responsible
  for the coming Reign of Terror
• Both parties fought for power, the Girondists
  lose and many were sent to the guillotine

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The Sans-Cullottes

• They were mostly poor people from Paris and other
  larger cities
• They resented the bourgeoise and wanted the
  government to lower prices and supply the poor
  with bread
• They were very violent and attacked anyone they
  thought was against the revolution
• They were led by Jean-Paul Marat
• They wanted to kill the King and aristocrats

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Marat, Danton and Robespierre

• All were leaders of the revolution and wanted the
  King executed
• Marat, the most radical, was murdered in his bath
  by Charlotte Corday, a Girondist in 1793
• Danton and Robespierre, with the help of the
  Jacobins, would eventually take over for the
  National Assembly and the revolution

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The Revolutionary Wars

• European regimes were nervous about what was
  happening in France
• They wanted to restore the King and stop this
  chaos
• France declared war on Austria in 1792
• Although they lose initial battles, they
  eventually are victorious at Valmy
• The peoples faith in the revolution never waned,
  in fact the opposite happened

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French Revolution as seen by other European
countries
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The End of the Monarchy

• The war and other events made people even more
  suspicous about the royal family
• A newly elected body, the National Convention,
  decided that the King should be tried for treason
  and executed
• He was removed from the royal palace, which was
  sacked and burned by the Paris mob
• The King was found guilty and sent to the
  guillotine in Januray 1783, Marie Antionette was
  guillotined in October

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French Guillotine
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The Reign of Terror

• The execution of the King was a sign that the
  moderates had officially lost to the Jacobins and
  Sans Coulettes, the Girondists were imprisoned
• 1793-1794 the Reign of Terror
• The revolutionary government passed harsh laws
  designed to eliminate anyone from disagreeing
  with the Jacobins
• Ex The Law of Suspects-anyone who held office
  before the revolution was arrested. Anyone
  unable to produce proof of citizenship was
  executed
• The armed forces and food supply were all placed
  under state control

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The Executions..

• Few people stood up to this government
• Danton was beheaded in 1794, before his death he
  predicted that Robespierre would soon follow
• He told the executioner to hold his head up high,
  so everyone in the crowd could see it, it was
  worth seeing
• Over 37 000 people were guillotined during the
  Reign of Terror
• Robespierre ruled Frnace with the powers of a
  dictator

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Robespierre, Danton
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The Fall of Robespierre

• He destoryed all opposition to the givernment and
  made sweeping changes in France
• The metric system was introduced, as well as a
  Revolutionary Calendar
• The army was more efficient and new schools and
  universities were built
• As France grew stronger, people feared his
  dicatatorship and he was condemned
• After an attempt to shoot himself, Robespierre
  was guillotined
• The Reign of Terror was over and the Jacobins
  were replaced by the Thermidoreans (11th month of
  Revolutionary Calendar-pg.85)

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Execution of Robespierre
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The Directory

• Robespierre was replaced with the Directory,
  which was controlled by the middle class
• Only this group (with money) could vote and elect
  members to the government-Is Frances
  revolutionary ways going backwards??
• The days of equality were over and the title
  citizen abolished
• But soon, the Directory would be abolished by a
  man who would establish a new type of monarchy by
  calling himself the Emperor of
  France.GUESS!!!!

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Napoleon Bonaparte!