Elastic modulus Metals and ceramics

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4.1 Types of Material Properties
Intrinsic properties properties that are
insensitive to changes in external conditions,
composition and processing method

• Elastic modulus (Metals and ceramics)
• Density
• Specific heat

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Extrinsic properties properties that are
sensitive to small changes in composition,
processing method and external conditions

• Yield strength
• Elastic modulus (polymers)
• Fracture strength
• fatigue strength

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Extrinsic properties

• Melting temperature
• corrosion resistance
• formability
• electrical and thermal conductivity

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Manipulation of properties

• heat treatment
• alloying
• mechanical treatment
• surface treatment
• composite materials

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4.2 Key members of plastics

• polyethylene (PE)
• polypropylene (PP)
• polystyrene (PS)
• Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

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• Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
• Polycarbonate (PC)
• Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene),
• Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
• nylon (polyamide)
• Kevlar (polyimide)
• Rubber.

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4.3 Key members of ceramics

• SiC
• WC
• Si3N4
• TiN
• ZnO

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• Alumina (polycrystalline Al2O3)
• Ruby and sapphire (single crystalline Al2O3)
• quartz (SiO)
• sand and stone, clay
• porcelain,

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4.4 Important composites

• Polymer matrix, strengthened by glass fiber,
  Kevlar fiber, carbon fiber.
• Metal matrix, strengthened by oxide fibers and
  particles, WC particles.
• Ceramic matrix steel reinforced concrete

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4.5 A basic comparison of materials
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4.6 Subgroups among metalsSubdivision by
chemistry

• Ferrous alloys (alloys based on Fe)
• Cast iron, Steels, alloy steels
• Non-ferrous alloys (based on metals other than
  Fe)
• Alloys of Al, Cu, Ti, Ni, Pb, W, Mo

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Subdivision by shape Bar, sheet, tube, wire,
powder Subdivision by processing Cast, wrought,
powder processed, directional solidified, rapidly
solidified Subdivision by treatment Annealed,
age-hardenable, tempered, normalized, galvanized,
etc
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4.7 Subdivision of metals by crystal
structure 4.7.1. Face-centered cubic (FCC)
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FCC metals and their major characteristics

• Metals
• Cu, Ni, Al, Pb, Ag, Au, Pt, Pd, Fe (high T).
• Common characteristics
• Highly ductile/malleable/ plastic, high
  work-hardening