COST-728 workshop on

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COST-728 workshop on Model urbanization
strategy MetO, Exeter, UK, 3-4 May 2007

• The aim of the workshop is to discuss and make
  recommendations on the best practice and strategy
  for urbanisation of different types of
  meteorological and air quality models.
• A logical continuation of the Special Section and
  Round Table on "Urban sub-layer parameterisations
  in meteorological, climate and environmental
  models" of the 6th International Conference on
  Urban Climate (ICUC-2006) in Göteborg, Sweden,
  June 12th - 16th 2006

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International organising committee

• Maria Athanassiadou (UKMO),
• Alexander Baklanov (Danish Meteorological
  Institute),
• Bob Bornstein (Jose State University, USA),
• Peter Clark, (UKMO),
• Stefano Galmarini (Joint Research Center, Italy),
  
• Sven-Erik Gryning (Risø NL, Denmark),
• Alberto Martilli (CIEMAT, Spain),
• Ranjeet Sokhi (University of Hertfordshire, UK),
• Sergej Zilitinkevich (Helsinki University,
  Finland).

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European COST Actions (2005-2009) 728
"Enhancing Meso-scale Meteorological Modelling
Capabilities for Air Pollution and Dispersion
Applications" Coord. Ranjeet S Sokhi ,
University of Hertfordshire

• WG1 Meteorological parameterization/
  applications (Maria Athanassiadou, Met Office)
• WG2 Integrated systems of MetM and CTM
  strategy, interfaces and module unification
  (Alexander Baklanov, DMI)
• WG3 Mesoscale models for air pollution and
  dispersion applications (Mihkail Sofiev, FMI)
• WG4 Development of evaluation tools and
  methodologies (Heinke Schluenzen, University of
  Hamburg)

Action 732 Quality Assurance and Improvement of
Micro-Scale Meteorological Models Coord.
Michael Schatzmann, University of Hamburg
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Special Section "Urban sublayer
parameterisations in meteorological, climate and
environmental models"on ICUC-2006, Göteborg,
Sweden, June 15th 2006, 900-1800
The main focuses of Section are - Urban
physiographic data classification and usage of
satellite data on surface, - Parameterisations
and models of urban soil/heat, roughness sublayer
and internal boundary layers, - Urbanisation of
meso-meteorological and numerical weather
prediction models, - Urban sublayer models,
parameterisations and meteo-preprocessors for
urban air quality and emergency preparedness
models, - Urban effects incorporation into
regional climate models.
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Round Table Discussion (D1 section, 1645)
"Urban sublayer parameterisations in
meteorological, climate and environmental models

• Main question to discuss
• What approaches and sublayer parameterisations
  are the most suitable/ applicable for different
  types of the meteorological, climate and
  environmental models?
• Depend on the scales, items (for operational
  forecast, assessments or research), etc.
• Joint view recommendations for urbanization of
  different models
• a) Urban meteorology,
• b) Numerical weather prediction (NWP),
• c) Local and regional climate,
• d) Environmental / air quality,
• e) Emergency preparedness,
• f) Urban-scale research models,
• Discussion on urban databases (morphology,
  verification and intercomparison)
• Possible prototype(s) for models urbanisation for
  modellers community.

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Conclusions

• There is a need to build a common strategy(ies)
  for urbanisation of different types of models
  (NWP, UAQ, climate, etc. - they need different
  parameterisations/ approaches).
• It was decided to build a world-wide working
  group on 'Model urbanization strategy'.
• Further WG activities would include the following
  main topics1. Urban morphology and
  databases,2. Parameterisations of urban
  canopy,3. Strategy for urbanization of different
  types of models,4. Verification and city case
  studies / experiments.
• There are several ideas under what umbrella to
  organize this group. COST728 as one of the
  options. It could be also WMO (e.g. GURME), JRC,
  NCAR, US EPA, etc.

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Conclusions (cont.)

• The initial core group was suggested
• Alexander Baklanov (DK), Bob Bornstein (USA),
  Martin Best (UK), Jason Ching (USA), Sue Grimmond
  (UK), Chen Fei (USA), Alberto Martilli (Spain),
  Valery Masson (France), Patrice Mestayer
  (France), Kanda Manabu (Japan).
• To arrange a web-portal for information exchange
  between different groups of the WG (e.g. on
  existing sites, like Fumapex or Cost728)
• The 'Model urbanization' Special section results
  can be very useful for further model
  'urbanization' work in many organizations and
  countries, so it would be nice to give these more
  accessible.
• Suggestions to publish it
• (i) e.g. as a COST publication (like in COST
  715), in form of proceedings (only a few 4pp
  abstracts were published in ICUC6 Preprints) or
  as an overview inviting some participants (to
  agree with MC of COST728)
• (ii) as a special web-presentation of the
  Section e.g. on ICUC/IAUC, FUMAPEX, COST728
  web-site with all presentations (of course, who
  will agree).

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Overall Roundtable Article for IAUC Newsletter

• The following structure and moderators in
  brackets
• 1. General information and problem statement
  (Alexander and Bob)
• 2. Statement of databases (Jason)
• 3. Parameterisations of urban canopy (Alberto,
  Patrice), links with CFD, LES, DNS (Kanda)
• 4. Implementation to (urbanization of) different
  types of models (Valery, ...)
• 5. Verification and city case studies (Martin,
  Bob, ...)
• 6. Conclusions and recommendations (all)

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Exeter COST728 WorkshopMain emphasis on
following main topics

• 1. Urban morphology and databases, 2.
  Parameterisations of urban canopy, 3. Strategy
  for urbanization of different types of models,
  4. Verification and city case studies /
  experiments.

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Discussions on the following questions are
especially welcome

• Variables we want to model (and degree of
  precision) for different applications (air
  quality, emergency response, urban climatology,
  weather forecast, etc.), e.g
• - Do we want values within the canopy or only
  total fluxes?
• - Do we want good turbulent values?
• - For dispersion applications, do we want mean
  concentrations or also variances?
• Best way to evaluate the capability of the
  paramterizations to model the relevant variables
  i.e.
• - wind tunnel experiments
• - role of the CFD/LES models
• - urban measurement champagnes
• Ways to realise and improve the parameterizations
  
• - For dynamics porosity models, dispersive
  stress, role of CFD/LES models.
• - For energy need for building energy models

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Programme of the workshop

• Welcome from UKMO
• Overview of results from the ICUC-06 'Model
  urbanisation' Roundtable
• Lectures for the main topics (30-40 min each)
• Presentations by participants (20 min each)
• Discussions / Round table to build a joint
  strategy, recommendations and requirements
• COST-728 publication of the Workshop materials
• Plans for Network/WG on 'Model urbanization
  strategy' and web-portal for information exchange

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Main discussion topics (and conveners)

1. Urban morphology and databases (Jason Ching, ..)
2. Parameterisations of urban canopy (Alberto
   Martilli, ),
3. Strategy for urbanization of different types of
   models (Peter Clark, )
4. Verification and city case studies / experiments
   (Bob Bornstein, .)

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• Some slides for discussion

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Discussions topics and questions

1. Urban morphology and databases (Jason Ching, ..)
2. Parameterisations of urban canopy (Alberto
   Martilli, ),
3. Strategy for urbanization of different types of
   models (Peter Clark, )
4. Verification and city case studies / experiments
   (Bob Bornstein, .)

• Variables we want to model (and degree of
  precision) for different applications (air
  quality, emergency response, urban climatology,
  weather forecast, etc.), e.g
• - Do we want values within the canopy or only
  total fluxes?
• - Do we want good turbulent values?
• - For dispersion applications, do we want mean
  concentrations or also variances?
• Best way to evaluate the capability of the
  paramterizations to model the relevant variables
  i.e.
• - wind tunnel experiments
• - role of the CFD/LES models
• - urban measurement champagnes
• Ways to realise and improve the parameterizations
  
• - For dynamics porosity models, dispersive
  stress, role of CFD/LES models.
• - For energy need for building energy models

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Strategy for model urbanization
Different requirements for NWP and environmental
models (e.g. in UBL structure)

• Model scales (regional, city, local, micro, )
• Climate models (regional, urban, ..)
• Research meso-meteorological models
• Numerical weather prediction models
• Atmospheric pollution models (city-scale)
• Emergency preparedness models
• Meteo-preprocessors (or post-processors)

WMO, GURME
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Integrated Fumapex urban module for NWP models
including 4 levels of complexity of the NWP
'urbanization'
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Urbanization of the FUMAPEX NWP models
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Approaches applicability

• The first module is the cheapest way of
  urbanising the model and can be easily
  implemented into operational NWP models as well
  as in Regional Climate Models.
• The second module is a relatively more expensive
  ( 5-10 computational time increase), but it
  gives a possibility to consider the energy budget
  components and fluxes inside the urban canopy.
  However, this approach is sensitive to the
  vertical resolution of NWP models and is not very
  effective if the first model level is higher than
  30 meters. Therefore, the increasing of the
  vertical resolution of current NWP models is
  required.
• The third module is considerably more expensive
  computationally than the first two modules (up to
  10 times!). However, it provides the possibility
  to accurately study the urban soil and canopy
  energy exchange including the water budget.
  Therefore, the second and third modules are
  recommended for use in advanced urban-scale NWP
  and meso-meteorological research models.

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Further improvements

• The current versions of the considered urban
  modules have several shortcomings and have to be
  improved and further developed.
• For the first approach (module 1), the
  complemented analytical model for wind velocity
  and diffusivity profiles inside the urban canopy
  (Zilitinkevich and Baklanov, 2005) has to be
  tested with different NWP models and
  meteorological preprocessors, and carefully
  verified vs. experimental data for different
  regimes. Besides, it is advisable to extend this
  model for temperature and humidity profiles.
• The current version of the second module (BEP)
  does not consider the moisture and latent heat
  fluxes and does not completely incorporate the
  anthropogenic heat flux. Therefore, these should
  be included into a new version of the BEP module.
  Besides, recalculation of accessible
  meteorological fields in the lowest sub-layers is
  necessary.
• The third module (SM2-U) needs further
  development considering the building drag effect
  (it is realised in module 4), whereas snow and
  ice have to be included for NWP during winter
  periods, especially for northern areas. The
  existing version of this module, when run for
  every grid-cell, is too expensive for operational
  NWP models, therefore the module has to be
  optimised by making calculations only for the
  urban cells.
• The combined module (4), including all
  non-overlapping mechanisms from the SM2-U and BEP
  models, have to be further tested.

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Urban Meteo-Preprocessor

• High-resolution urban-scale NWP data
• Calculation of effective roughnesses (for
  momentum and scalars) and displacement height
• Parameterization of wind and eddy profiles in
  urban canopy layer
• Calculation of anthropogenic and storage urban
  heat fluxes
• Prognostic parameterizations for Mixing Height
• Improved sigma parameterization for SBL
• Urban module as post-processor for NWP data

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Key parameters for urban models of different
scales (COST715)
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Ways to resolve the UBL structure

• 1. Obstacles-resolved numerical models
• - CFD gt turbulent closure, bc, geometry, etc.
• - LES, , DNS
• - simple box models
• 2. Parameterization of sub-grid processes
• - theoretical
• - experimental
• - numerical
• 3. Downscaling of models / Nesting techniques
• - NWP-local-scale meteorological models
• - Mesoscale models CFD tools
• - Mesoscale models Parameterized models

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Extended FUMAPEX scheme of the UAQIFS including
feedbacks

• Improvements of meteorological forecasts (NWP)
  in urban areas, interfaces and integration with
  UAP and population exposure models following the
  off-line or on-line integration