Institutionalized Subordination

1
Institutionalized Subordination

• Tucson, Arizona, 1850s-1940s

2
Institutionalized Subordination

• Institutionalized Subordination Subordination
  woven into the everyday fabric of society.
• Subordination is institutional in the sense
  that it is entrenched within and perpetuated by
  formal organizations such as schools, political
  parties, labor unions, businesses, and city,
  state and national governments.
• It also operates on other levels as well, encoded
  in racial and ethnic stereotypes, in mass media,
  latent or overt in most personal transactions
  between members of dominant and subordinate
  groups.

3
Demographic factors

• High percentage of WSMs
• No family constraints, Access to capital
• Explains Anglo early domination of the Arizona
  economy--ranching, railroads, agriculture
• Mexicans family and collectively oriented,
  lack access to capital

4
Economic Transformation

• Railroad, mining and land/cattle development
• Economic Pecking order, Occupational
  Stratification in the occupational structure
• Differential wage scales/dual wages
• White collar v. blue collar occupational
  history, Mexicans decline in white, increase in
  blue collar occupations from 1920-1940
• Proximity to Mexico surplus labor

5
Economic Transformation

• Reserve Labor and unionization
• Downward mobility patterns,
• Blue collar pattern increases.
• Occupational stasis frozen in low
  socioeconomic positions during the 20th
  century.
• Stasis worsens through course of the 20th
  century.

6
Residence Patterns

• Ethnic Enclavement patterns of Mexican and
  Anglo racial separation in housing
• Geographic dualism final outcome of ethnic
  enclavement, dual, separate areas
• Economic factors wages, occupations, capital
• Real Estate practices perpetuate racial
  duality.

7
Educational Subordination

• Attitudes Mexicans lack culture of progress,
  unable to progress through education
• Americanization programs eradicate Mexican
  values and culture- to de- Mexicanize the Mexican
  children
• Tracking ranking according to test scores
• Racial discrimination and segregation- inferior
  facilities and funding sources

8
Mexican Response

• Mutualistas self-help collective organizations
• Unions formation of Mexican unions
• Newspapers traditional and Mexican owned
• Traditional party activismDemocratic and
  Republican, Industrial Workers of the World
  (IWW)
• Liga Protectora Latina immigrant societies,
  early civil rights
• Alianza Hispanoamericana political orgs.