1- Textbook: Gender Planning

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1- Textbook Gender Planning Development

• Chapter 3
• Practical Strategic Needs

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2- Rationale for Differentiating Gender Needs
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3- Rationale for Gender Needs

• Womens Practical Needs
• Womens Strategic Needs
• Rationale for Gender Planning must consider
  womens ethnicity, class, culture and religion

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4- How the State can Control Womens Strategic
Needs

• State can effectively control womens strategic
  needs through
• Family policy
• Domestic violence
• Reproductive rights
• Legal status
• Welfare policy

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5- Identification of Gender Needs

• Planning for Third World low-income women must be
  based on womens prioritized concerns
• Planning must differentiate between
• womens interests/ false homogeneity based on
  biological similarity
• gender interests/ depends on social position
  hence we must consider cultural, class, ethnicity
  religion

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6- Practical Gender Interests Primarily Involves
Human Survival Immediate Material Needs

• Strategic gender needs seek to change womens
  socio-economic political status whereby women
  achieve equality, equity independence
• During the planning process interests defined as
  prioritized concerns that can be translated into
  planning needs

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7- Gender Needs

• Gender Practical Needs for human survival such
  as
• Provisions of water, healthcare education
• Gender Strategic Needs concerned with
• Freedom of choice
• Nature of relationship between men women
• Womens control over their bodies
• Access to credit, land rights, control over
  resources, domestic violence, equal wages,
  abolition of gendered division of labor (for
  instance, childcare not solely womens
  responsibility)

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8- State Interventions

• Historically top-down state interventions did not
  remove persistent cases of gender inequality,
  only when it has incorporated bottom-up cases of
  womens organizations
• Therefore, strategic needs to overcome womens
  subordination which womens organizations
  struggle for need to be segregated from womens
  practical needs
• Practical needs usually address womens needs
  within their socially accepted role(s) in society
• It responds to immediate necessity they are
  concerned with inadequate living conditions for
  survival food, housing, water, these are
  required family rather than just women, yet are
  considered as gender practical needs for women
• As a result, we see state policies concerned with
  womens needs within existing gender division of
  labor roles as wives and mothers

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9- State control over womens strategic needs

• State mediates between family members, this
  requires addressing strategic gender needs
• State liberates or controls the lives of women
  through diverse socio-economic, political legal
  policies concerning
• Marriage laws, rape, abortion, fertility
  reproduction, wages, taxation social security

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10- Definitions of Intervention Policies

• Domestic Violence family is seen as private
  domain and family matters belong to private
  spheres hence, this gives license to men to
  treat women as they please behind closed doors
• Fertility Reproductive Rights the State is
  willing to intervene through policies to promote
  certain ideologies by using alternative
  incentives or drastic disincentives (India, China
  Israel)
• Legal Status of Women in Marriage State sees
  family as a fragile entity that needs support a
  collapse of a family means a breakdown of
  society hence, the State gives social
  religious institutions liberty to control womens
  affairs over the civil laws
• Benefits Rights Welfare Policy With the male
  considered as breadwinner who provides women with
  her needs, the State can deprive women of their
  rightful needs on the ground that husbands
  provide them those benefits

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11- Goals for Strategic Needs

• Abolition of gender division of
  labor/sex-segregated occupations
• Alleviation of the burden of domestic labor
  childcare
• Removal of institutionalized forms of
  discrimination in the rights to own land
  property
• Access to credit
• Freedom of choice over childbearing
• Political equality
• Ending male violence control over women

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12- Meeting Practical Gender Planning Needs Does
It Provide a Starting Point for Meeting Strategic
Gender Needs?

• State, civil society men often subordinate and
  control womens status, roles and positions,
  which constitute serious constraints in meeting
  womens strategic needs therefore, planners see
  practical gender needs as an entry point to
  achieve more fundamental changes
• This may be acceptable since women require
  integrative, cross-sectoral planning strategies

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13- Integrative Cross-Sectoral Planning Strategies

• Gender Needs in Employment since womens
  fundamental need is to generate income, training
  becomes a priority, meeting this practical need.
  If this will help their economic independence,
  training will help meet their strategic needs
  rather than training to increase their domestic
  skills
• Gender Needs in Human Settlement/Housing
  planning for housing makes it crucial to involve
  gender perspective. Modernization has resulted in
  drastic changes in housing designs irrespective
  of womens needs. With zoning legislation that
  separate residential from business activities
  deprived women from productive work performed at
  home as informal sector activities
• Gender Needs and environmental planning women
  depend on wood, water and soil for their daily
  survival. Utilizing environment as a productive
  resource, women use forestry as a life enhancing
  activity, while factory to them is a
  life-destroying activity therefore, women resist
  urbanization when it affects their survival
  environment
• Gender Needs Basic Services implications in
  planning to meet gender needs
• Planning childcare facility at womens workplace
  meets their practical gender needs if it is
  located in the community that will encourage
  sharing responsibility if it is located at
  fathers workplace that provides an opportunity
  for meeting practical and strategic gender needs
• Transportation Usually designed to meet mens
  work schedules, this will deprive women from
  meeting their practical and strategic needs
• Community Political Roles the meeting times of
  those political activities are usually planned in
  times not conducive to womens activity schedule