The Growth of Oceanography

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The Growth of Oceanography
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There is a basic difference between the terms
oceanography and oceanology.
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Oceanography What is it?

• Oceanography is the recording and description of
  the physical, chemical and biological
  characteristics of the ocean.
• This term inadequately describes modern
  scientific ocean investigations.
• Oceanology is the scientific study of the sea by
  applying traditional sciences, such as physics,
  chemistry, mathematics, etc., to all aspects of
  the ocean.

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There are three major stages in the history of
ocean research
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Historical Review of Oceanography

• Ocean exploration was the period when people
  explored the ocean boundaries.
• Notable explorers include The Phoenicians,
  Phytheas, The Polynesians, Herodotus, the Vikings
  , Bartholomew Diaz, Vasco de Gama, Ferdinand
  Magellan and Sebastian del Cano.
• Early scientific investigations began when people
  began to describe the ocean.
• Notable scientists include James Cook, Matthew,
  Fountaine Maury, Charles Darwin, C. Wyville
  Thomson, and Frederick Nansen.
• Modern oceanography (oceanology) began in the
  twentieth century with interdisciplinary oceanic
  research and use of complex scientific
  instruments.

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Current and future oceanographic research include
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Current and Future Oceanographic Research

• More international efforts because of cost and
  scale of research.
• Greater use of submersibles for deep ocean
  exploration.
• Increased use of computers for modeling complex
  ocean processes.
• Use of remote sensing.

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