ICAO ANNEX 14 HELIPORT DESIGN WORKSHOP

1
ICAO ANNEX 14HELIPORT DESIGN WORKSHOP

Dr John Leverton HAI/AHS Heliport Design AC Focal
Point IFHA Representative to ICAO Aerodrome Panel
2

• FATOs / TLOFs
• SAFETY AREAS

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HELIPORT TERMINLOGY
SAME TERMINLOGY BUT DIFFERENT MEANING ANNEX 14
- FATO MAIN LOAD BEARING AREA FAA AC-2B
- TLOF MAIN LOAD BEARING AREA
FATO Final Approach and Takeoff Area TLOF
Touchdown and Liftoff Area
4
HELIPORT TERMINLOGY

• FAA AC-2B
• RD ROTOR DIAMETER
• OL OVERALL LENGTH
• UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH/LENGTH UC
• ICAO ANNEX 14
• R ROTOR DIAMETER
• D D Factor OVERALL LENGTH
• UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH AND/ORLENGTH UC

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HELIPORT TERMINLOGY
PRESENTATION RD ROTOR DIAMETER D D Factor
OVERALL LENGTH (OL) UC UNDERCARRIAGE
WIDTH/LENGTH Note On some charts OL is
used!
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APPROXIMATE RELATIONSHIPS

• FATO 1.5 D 1.5 X OVERALL LENGTH (OL)
• TAIL ROTOR SIZE 1/6 TO 1/5 RD
• D 1.16 RD TO 1.2 RD
• ASSUME D 1.2 RD
• THAN 1.5 D 1.8 RD and 1 RD 0.83 D

Approx 1/3 RD 0.25 D Approx 2 x 1/3 RD
0.5 D
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Helicopter Dimensions
D Overall Length RD (Main) Rotor
Diameter Arc of Tail Rotor
(1 D 1 RD) (approx.) 0.2 RD
1 RD
1 D (approx.) 1.2 RD
1 D
US/FAA Uses Overall Length 1 OL 1 D
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Undercarriage Dimensions
UC Maximum width or length of the
undercarriage used for defining size of
TLOF UCw undercarriage width used for
defining taxiway width
Length of Undercarriage
Width of Undercarriage (UCw)
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FATO INTERPRETATIONSURFACE HELIPORTS

• INTERPRETATIONS ARE DIFFERENT
• Annex 14 Load Bearing Surface on which
  helicopters can make emergency landing for
  PERFORMANCE CLASS 1.
• FAA need NOT be load bearing TLOF provides
  load bearing surface
• FAA requires FATO (and/or TLOF) to be marked.
  Annex 14 requires FATO to be marked only if NOT
  CLEARLY VISABLE

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DIFFERENCES

• AC-2B ANNEX 14
• PARKING AREA HELICOPTER STAND
• HOVER-TAXI AIR-TAXI

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DIFFERENCES

• AC -2B
• EACH TLOF MUST BE LOCATED IN A FATO SURROUNDED BY
  A SAFETY AREA.
• SAFETY AREAS MUST NOT OVERLAP.
• HELICOPTER CAN HOVER-TAXI OR GROUND-TAXI TO
  PARKING AREA
• ANNEX 14
• TLOF CAN BE LOCATED INSIDE OR OUT SIDE FATO
• FATO SURROUNDED BY SAFETY AREA
• REMOTED TLOF PROTECTED BY SEPARATION /
  CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS OF HELICOPTER STAND.
• AIR-TAXI ALWAYS REQUIRES A TLOF EVEN IF IT USED
  AS HELICOPTER STAND

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FAA CONCEPT
AC 150/5390-2B
EACH TLOF MUST BE LOCATED IN A FATO SURROUNDED BY
A SAFETY AREA
TLOF
FATO
Safety Area
HELICOPTERS CAN HOVER-TAXI OR GROUND-TAXI TO
PARKING AREA
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HELIPORT WITH TLOF LOCATED WITHIN A FATO GROUND
TAXIWAY TO A HELICOPTER STAND
ANNEX 14 CONCEPT
HELICOPTER STAND
TLOF
NOT TO SCALE
FATO
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HELIPORT WITH TLOF OUTSIDE THE FATO
AIR TAXIWAY (HOVER TAXI) TO A TLOF
TLOF and HELICOPTER STAND
NOT TO SCALE
AIR (HOVER) TAXI
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HELIPORT WITH TLOF OUTSIDE THE FATO
AIR TAXIWAY TO TLOF AIR TAXIWAY TO A
HELICOPTER STAND
TLOF
TLOF and HELICOPTER STAND
NOT TO SCALE
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HELIPORT WITH TLOF OUTSIDE THE FATO
AIR-TAXIWAY TO TLOF GROUND TAXIWAY TO A
HELICOPTER STAND
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GROUND TAXIWAY AND AIR TAXIWAY TO HELICOPTER
STANDS
HELIPORT WITH TLOF LOCATED OUTSIDE AND WITHIN A
FATO
TLOF
TLOF
HELICOPTER STAND
NOT TO SCALE
FATO
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HELIPORT WITH TLOF LOCATED OUTSIDE AND WITHIN A
FATO
GROUND TAXIWAY/AIR TAXIWAY TO A TLOF AND TO A
HELICOPTER STAND
HELICOPTER STAND
TLOF
NOT TO SCALE
FATO
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Current Annex 14- TLOF

• SURFACE HELIPORT
• DIAMETER OF 1.5 x MAXIMUM UNDERCARRIAGE WIDTH
  OR LENGTH- - ANY SHAPE ALLOWED
• ELEVATED HELIPORT/HELIDECK
• FATO AND TLOF COINCIDENTAL SAME SIZE
• ELEVATED HELIPORT
• SAME AS FATO
• PC 1 AS DEFINED IN FLIGHT MANUAL OR AT LEAST
  1.5 D
• PC 2 1.5D
• PC 3 NOT ALLOWED
• HELIDECK
• SAME AS FATO 1 D PC 3 NOT ALLOWED

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HELIPORT SIZE

• CURRENT ICAO ANNEX 14 PC 2 AND 3
• MINIMUM FATO 1.5 D (LOAD BEARING AREA)
• MINIMUM TLOF 1.5 WIDTH/LENGTH OF UNDERCARRIAGE
• SAFETY ZONE 3 m (10 FT) OR 0.25 D
• FATO PLUS SAFETY AREA TO BE LOAD BEARING 2 D
  APPROX. 2.4 RD
• FAA AC-2B GENERAL AVIATION
• MINIMUM FATO 1.5 D
• MINIMUM TLOF 1 RD (LOAD BEARING AREA)
• SAFETY ZONE 10 FT (3 m) TO 20 FT (6 m) OR 1/3
  RD
• Elevated General Aviation 1OL (1D) if FATO
  non load-bearing 1RD for PPR and Hospital
  Heliports.
• RD ROTOR DIAMETER D D FACTOR-OVERALL LENGTH
  OF HELICOPTER SAFETY AREA 1/3 R/D 0.25 D

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• HELIPORTS INTENDED TO BE USED BY HELICOPTERS
  OPERATED IN PERFORMANCE CLASS 1
• NO CORRESPONDING FAA AC-2B REQUIREMENTS

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FATO SIZE PC1
Annex 14 Draft Par 3.1.2

• The dimensions of a FATO shall be
• where intended to be used by helicopters
  operated in performance Class 1, as prescribed in
  the helicopter flight manual (HFM) except that,
  in the absence of width specifications, the width
  shall be not less than 1 D of the largest
  helicopter the FATO is intended to serve

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FATO SIZE PC1
Annex 14 Draft Par 3.1.2 Note 2

• Note 2. Subject to Risk Assessment, the State
  may accept that the dimensions of the FATO could
  be of sufficient size and shape to contain an
  area within which can be drawn a circle of
  diameter not less than 0.84 D of the largest
  helicopter the FATO is intended to serve

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FATO SIZE PC1
Justification Annex 6 Appendix to Attachment A
Example
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PC1 GROUND SPACE
Free-field/Clear-area Cat A
RTOA length and Takeoff distance given in R/HFM
but normally width of RTOA not quoted.
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HELIPORT - PC 1

• ICAO Annex 14
• Minimum FATO Size 1.5 D or value as prescribed
  in the Flight Manual. This implies use of free
  field RTOA for Cat A / Class1 operation, which
  can be up to 1600 ft (490m) or more at MTOW/High
  Temp
• or Restricted Cat A procedure
• Minimum TLOF 1.5 U/C - width/length of
  undercarriage !!!!
• FAA AC-2B Transport Scheduled Service with
  large Helicopters
• FATO Width 100 ft (30.5m) or 2 RD
• Length 200 ft (61m) or 2 RD
• TLOF 50 ft (15.25m) or 1 RD
• Size for safe Cat A operation is quoted in
  the R/HFM for helicopters certificated for Cat A
  operations. Values vary from 1.15 D (B206T) to
  2.25 D (S61). Some confusion however if size
  quoted in H/RFM value is the same as the FATO!

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PC1 HELIPORT
FAA AC-2B - Transport Heliport
TLOF 1 RD Min 50 ft (15 m)
FATO Width 2RD Min 100 ft (30 m) FATO Length
2RD Min 200 ft (61 m)
ICAO Annex 14 Performance Class 1 TLOF
1.5UC NOT SHOWN
FATO Value in Flight Manual Approx 1.5D 2D
RTOA Zero to several Hundred ft/m
Free-field Takeoff 1000-1500 ft (300-460 m)
Safety Area 0.25D (load bearing)
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TRANSPORT HELIPORT
New AC-2B
AC-2A
TLOF 1 RD Min 50 ft (15 m)
Protection Zone 280 ft (85 m)
Protection Zone 400 ft (122 m)
FATO Width 2RD Min 100 ft (30 m) FATO Length
2RD Min 200 ft (61 m)
ICAO Annex 14 Performance Class 1
FATO Value in Flight Manual or 1.5D
RTOA Zero to several Hundred ft/m
Free-field Takeoff 1000-1500 ft (300-460 m)
Safety Area 0.25D (load bearing)
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HELICOPTER CLEARWAY

• Current Annex 14 Helicopter clearway. A defined
  area on the ground or water under the control of
  the appropriate authority, selected and/or
  prepared as a suitable area over which a
  performance Class 1 helicopter may accelerate and
  achieve a specific height
• HDWG Onshore Heliport Sub-group Proposed Text.
  Helicopter clearway. A defined area on above the
  ground or water under the control of the
  appropriate authority, selected and/or prepared
  as a suitable area over which a helicopter
  operated in performance Class 1 may accelerate
  and achieve a specific height.

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PC1 GROUND SPACE
Free-field/Clear-area Cat A
(Takeoff Distance RTOA) Area to be protected
not required to be load bearing
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PC1 GROUND SPACE
Restricted Area/Short-field Cat A
(Takeoff Distance) Area to be protected not
required to be load bearing
Area defined in the H/RFM
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• 3.1.6 When it is necessary to provide a
  helicopter clearway, it shall be located beyond
  the upwind end of the rejected take-off area
  available. .

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• HELIPORTS INTENDED TO BE USED BY HELICOPTERS
  OPERATED IN PERFORMANCE CLASS 2 and 3

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• GROUND LEVEL HELIPORTS
• Annex 14 - PC2/PC3
• FAA AC-2B General Aviation (GA)

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GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/CLASS 2
3
Current ICAO Annex 14
FAA AC-2B
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1.5 U/C Safety Area 0.25 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1RD Safety Area 1/3RD
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GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/CLASS 2
3
FAA AC-2B
ICAO Annex 14
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1.5 U/C Safety Area 0.25 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1RD Safety Area 1/3RD
TOTAL AREA (APPROXIMATELY) THE SAME 2D or 2 OL
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GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/CLASS 2
3
Current ICAO Annex 14 Pre-HDSG/1 Interpretation
FAA AC-2B
Dynamic Load
Static Load
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1.5 U/C Safety Area 0.25 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1RD Safety Area 1/3RD
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GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 PC 3
Current ICAO Annex 14 HDSG/1 Interpretation
FAA AC-2B
Dynamic Load
Static Load
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1.5 U/C Safety Area 0.25 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1RD Safety Area 1/3RD
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GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/CLASS 2
3
ICAO Annex 14 HDWG Proposal
FAA AC-2B
Dynamic Load-1D
Dynamic Load-1RD
Static Load 1.5D
FATO 1D TLOF 1.5 U/C Safety Area 0.5 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1RD Safety Area 1/3RD
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GROUND LEVEL HELIPORT PC2 / PC3
Current ICAO Annex 14 Pre-HDSG/1
Interpretation
ICAO Annex 14 HDWG Proposal
Dynamic Load
FATO GEA
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1.5 U/C Safety Area 0.25 D
FATO 1D TLOF 1.5 UC Safety Area 0.5 D
Recommendation Dynamic Load
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FATO SIZE PC2/PC3

• BASIC DIMENSIONS PC2 AND PC3 1 D
• ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS HELIPORT MANUAL
• LENGTH OF FATO SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO
  ACCOMMODATE ACCELERATION DISTANCE FOR
  HELICOPTERS WITH LIMITED CLIMB POWER. IT IS
  STATED IN THE HELIPORT MANUAL THAT .IT IS
  PRUDENT TO APPLY.. .. IN ALLCASES..
• - FOR CLIMB SPEED
• 40 KTS 408 FT/124 m SEA LEVEL /ISA
• 60 KTS 945 FT/1280 m SEA LEVEL/ISA
• SURFACE HELIPORT FOR PC 1 FATO INCLUDES THE
  REJECTED TAKEOFF AREA (RTOA)
• RTOA 1000 ft/305 m TO 1800
  ft/550 m

GENERALLY NOT SUPPORTED BY US INDUSTRY
SUPPORTED BY EUROPEAN NATIONS AND SOME SUPPORT BY
EUROPEAN INDUSTRY SOME CONSIDER THIS IS A
CLEARWAY
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FATO Length PC2 / PC3

• HELIPORT MANUAL
• length of FATO that should be provided for
  helicopters with limited climbing power
  Table1-1
• WHAT IS IT?
• WHEN SHOULD IT BE APPLIED?

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HDSG SUGGESTION

• SUGGESTION by one HDWG member (NOT accepted
  by HDSG) Helicopter clearway. A defined area on
  the ground or water under the control of the
  appropriate authority, selected and/or prepared
  as a suitable area over which a helicopter may
  accelerate and achieve a specific height.

Takeoff Profile
35 ft / 10.7 m
Area required to be under control of heliport
in order of 200 m / 670 ft
NOT defined in Annex 14 or Draft Annex 14
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FATO Length PC2 / PC3

• Not applicable/not required for PC1
• Acceptable to some in Europe for PC2 and PC3
  heliports
• Not acceptable to HAI for PC2 or PC3 heliports.
  Not required in US but 280 ft/85 m protection
  zone is applied
• Technically requirement has some merit but there
  is a need to find way for States to be flexible
  in addressing such a requirement!

Takeoff Profile
35 ft / 10.7 m
AC-2B Protection Zone
Area required to be under control of heliport -
200 m / 670 ft
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ANNEX 6 ISSUE

• Draft Annex 6 - Attachment A
• 2.3.2 Operations in Performance Class 2 should
  only be conducted with a safe-force-landing
  capability during take-off and landing.
• This recommendation, in the new Attachment to
  Annex 6, is considered by many HDWG members to
  be a requirement - this means that a
  safe-force-landing area must be provided within
  the heliport!! This would require 300 m/1000 ft
  protection zone i.e. distance to the DPATO. No
  agreed IFHA position concept not supported by
  HAI

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• ELEVATED HELIPORTS

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ICAO FATO ELEVATED FACILITIES

• ELEVATED HELIPORTS/PC 1
• LENGTH PRESCRIBED IN FLIGHT MANUAL
• MINIMUM WIDTH 1.5 D
• TYPICALLY VALUES FOR LENGTH 1.1 D TO 2.6 D
• ELEVATED HELIPORT -PC 2 1.5 D DIAMETER
• ELEVATED HELIPORT NO PC 3 ALLOWED
• Revised Annex 6 allows PC 3 Heliports and Annex
  14 will be modified
• HELIDECKS 1 D FOR TANDEM HELICOPTER 0.9 D
  OR 0.75 D x 0.9 D IN LANDING/TAKEOFF DIRECTION

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• ELEVATED HELIPORTS
• Annex 14 - PC2/PC3
• FAA AC-2B General Aviation (GA)

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ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 PC3
Current ICAO Annex 14 Pre-HDSG/1 Interpretation
FAA AC-2B
Dynamic Load
Static Load?
FATO/TLOF 1.5D Safety Area 0.25 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1RD Safety Area 1/3RD
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ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 PC3
Current ICAO Annex 14 Pre-HDSG/1 Interpretation
FAA AC-2B
Dynamic Load
FATO/TLOF 1.5D Safety Area 0.25 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1D Safety Area 1/3RD
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ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 PC3
Current ICAO Annex 14 Pre-HDSG/1 Interpretation
FAA AC-2B
Dynamic Load
FATO/TLOF 1.5D Safety Area 0.25 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1D Safety Area 1/3RD
AC-2B TLOF 1RD FOR ELEVATED PPR AND ELEVATED
HOSIPITAL HELIPRTS
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ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 PC3
Current ICAO Annex 14 Pre-HDSG/1 Interpretation
FAA AC-2B
Dynamic Load
FATOTLOF 1.5D Safety Area 0.25 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1D Safety Area 1/3RD
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ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 PC3
ICAO Annex 14 DRAFT HDSG Proposal
FAA AC-2B
Dynamic Load-1D
FATO/TLOF 1D Safety Area 0.5 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1D Safety Area 1/3RD
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ELEVATED HELIPORT GENERAL AVIATION/PC2 PC3
ICAO Annex 14 DRAFT HDSG Proposal
FAA AC-2B
Dynamic Load-1D
Static Load?
FATO/TLOF 1D Safety Area 0.5 D
FATO 1.5D TLOF 1RD Safety Area 1/3RD
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HDSG PROPOSAL PC2 and 3
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HDSG PROPOSAL PC2 / PC 3
Draft Annex 14 Par 3.1.2 b

• 3.1.3 The dimensions of a FATO shall be
• b) where intended to be used by helicopters
  operated in performance Class 2 and 3, of
  sufficient size and shape to contain an area
  within which can be drawn a circle of diameter
  not less than
• i) 1D of the largest helicopter when the MTOW
  of helicopters the FATO is intended to serve is
  more than 3175 kg,
• ii) 0.83 D of the largest helicopter when the
  MTOW of helicopters the FATO is intended to serve
  is 3175 kg or less.

3175 kg 7000 lbs / 0.83 D 1 RD
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PROPOSAL BY FRANCE

• States could allow these dimensions for useby
  helicopters operated in performance Class 2 and
  3, at a mass not exceeding the mass scheduled in
  the helicopter flight manual (HFM) for a hover
  out of ground effect (HOGE) with all engines
  operating.
• NOT SUPPORTED BY HDWG / NOT SUPPORTED BY IFHA

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HDSG PROPOSAL PC2 / PC 3

• 3.1.4. Recommendation - Where intended to be used
  by helicopters operated in performance Class 2
  and 3 with MTOW of 3175 kg or less, the FATO
  should be of sufficient size and shape to contain
  an area within which can be drawn a circle of
  diameter not less than 1 D.

3175 kg 7000 lbs
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LONDON BATTERSEA HELIPORT
FAILS CURRENT ICAO ANNEX 14
HELICOPTER TOO LARGE.
MEETS US/FAA AC-2B REQUIREMENTS
W30 RD 44 ft (13 m) D53ft (16
m) Helipad Width 53 ft (16 m) Length 125 ft
(38 m) Based on current Annex 14, R22 (RD - 26
ft/ 7.9 m D 29ft/ 8.8 m) would NOT be
acceptable! OK if safety area assume not load
bearing.
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LONDON BATTERSEA HELIPORT
MEETS THE PROPOSED ICAO ANNEX 14 PC2 / PC3
REQUIREMENTS .
W30 RD 44 ft (13 m) D53ft (16
m) Helipad Width 53 ft (16 m) Length 125 ft
(38 m) .
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SAFETY ZONE/AREAS

• FAA AC-2B These depend to some extent on the
  Heliport type and whether or not the 1 RD TLOF
  is marked.
• i.e.. TLOF Marked Private
  Use/PPR 1/3 RD or 10 ft. (3 m)
• Hospital 1/3 RD or 10 ft. (3 m)
• General Aviation 1/3 RD or 20 ft. (6 m)
• Transport Min 30 ft. ( 9 m)
• TLOF NOT Marked ALL
  1/2 OL (1/2D) or
• 20 ft /30 ft (6 m/9m)
• (NOTE TLOF must be marked on Transport
  Heliport)
• ICAO CURRENT ANNEX 14 1/4 OL(1/4D) OR 3m (10ft)
• NOTE 1/3 RD is approximately the same dimension
  as 1/4 D. Thus safety zone is effective the
  same for both FAA and ICAO when the TLOF is
  marked. The ICAO requirements assume that the
  helicopter does not land/park near the edge of
  the FATO. The proposed FAA requirements assume
  the helicopter lands in the TLOF if it is marked.

62
ICAO SAFETY AREAS
63
SAFETY AREAS
ICAO Annex 14 DRAFT HDSG Proposal
Current ICAO Annex 14
FATO 1D Safety Area 0.5 D
FATO 1.5D Safety Area 0.25D
OVERALL AREA 2D UNCHANGED
64
SAFETY AREAS
ICAO Annex 14 DRAFT HDSG Proposal
FAA AC-2B
FATO 1D Safety Area 0.5 D
TLOF 1D (or 1RD) Safety Area (1/3RD
Area Provided by FATO)
65
TLOF -HOSPITAL HELIPORT

• FAA AC-2A (1994) - 40 ft.
• NOTE PRIVATE USE ALLOWED TLOF OF 1.5 UC AS
  A RESULT SOME HOSPITAL HELIPORTS HAVE BEEN
  DESIGNED TO TAKE THE SIKORSKY BLACKHAWK SH-60
  BASED ON THIS DIMENSION APPROXIMATELY 45 ft.
• FAA AC-2B (2004) HOSPITAL TLOF 1RD 40 ft.
  minimum
• CURRENT ICAO ANNEX 14 DOES NOT HAVE SEPARATE
  DESIGNATION FOR HOSPITAL HELIPORTS.
• CURRENT ANNEX 14 - LOAD BEARING AREA
  2D. TLOF 1.5 U/C
• ICAO ANNEX 14 PROPOSALS LOAD BEARING AREA 1D
  ASSUME WOULD APPLY IF ADOPTED. HOWEVER SOME
  EUROPEAN NATIONS REQUIRE USE OF PC1 FOR PUBLIC
  INTEREST SITES (THIS WOULD REQUIRE USE OF SIZE
  QUOTED IN R/HFM) - OTHER NATIONS HAVE STATED IF
  PC2 USED THEY WOULD STILL REQUIRE 2D FOR PUBLIC
  INTEREST SITES/HOSPITALS

66
SAFETY AREA FOR INSTRUMENT FATOTAXIWAY
SEPARATION DISTANCES
67
SAFETY AREA FOR INSTRUMENT FATOTAXIWAY
SEPARATION DISTANCES
CHANGES BEING CONSIDERED IFHA PROPOSING SMALLER
VALUES
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End of this section . MORE TO COME