THREE DIMENSIONAL COUPLED MODELS OF BIO-OPTICAL SIGNALS ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF N000149910212

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THREE DIMENSIONAL COUPLED MODELS OF BIO-OPTICAL
SIGNALS ON THE WEST FLORIDA SHELF N000149910212

• John J. Walsh, Dwight A. Dieterle, Jason K.
  Jolliff, Jason M. Lenes, Brian P. Darrow, and
  Scott P. Milroy
• College of Marine Science, University of South
  Florida,140 Seventh Avenue South, St. Petersburg,
  Florida 33701

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The ONR HyCODE Hyperspectral Coastal Ocean
Dynamics Experiment and FSLE Florida Shelf
Lagrangian Experiment programs were the
catalysts for collaboration among the NOAA/EPA
ECOHABFlorida, MMS NEGOM NorthEastern Gulf Of
Mexico, NSF DOTGOM Daughters Of Trichodesmium
Gulf Of Mexico, and state-of-Florida FMRI/MOTE
projects .
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HyCODE/FSLE/ECOHAB/NEGOM/DOTGOM/FMRI/MOTE
sampling program

• During March 1998-December 2001, 175 cruises of
  R/V Eugenie Clark, Gyre, Suncoaster, Bellows, Sea
  Diver, Walton Smith, and Pelican collected
  extensive in situ data sets on hydrography,
  turbidity, spectral dependence of absorption,
  backscatter, water-leaving radiance, light
  attenuation, Saharan dust, NO3, NO2, NH4, urea,
  PO4, SiO4, Fe, DOP, DON, DIC, DOC, brevitoxins,
  chlorophyll, phaeo-pigments, PN, PC, PP, del15N
  of DON and PN, and counts of dominant
  phytoplankton and mesozooplankton species in
  relation to moored arrays of currents, T/S, and
  bio-optical sensors, aircraft overflights, SF6
  dispersion studies, underway sampling of plankton
  particles and images, multi-beam bathymetric and
  side-scan sonar surveys of the bottom, and
  coupled 3-d biophysical models.

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Collaborating Institutions-FL

• Florida Marine Research Institute
• MOTE Marine Laboratory
• University of South Florida
• University of Florida
• Florida State University
• Atlantic Oceanographic Meteorological Laboratory
• Florida Environmental Research Institute
• Florida Institute of Oceanography
• Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution

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Collaborating Institutions-other

• University of North Carolina
• North Carolina State University
• National Marine Fisheries Service Beaufort, NC
• National Marine Fisheries Service Charleston,
  SC
• University of Southern Mississippi
• Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC
• Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center,
  MS
• Texas AM University
• Rutgers University
• Hobbielabs

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October 2001 K. brevis bloom of 10-100 ug chl/L
on the West Florida Shelf
10 million cells/L
1 million cells/L
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A Pictures Worth a 1000 Lines of Code

• Text

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HyCODE numerical analysis a three-dimensional
simulation of the time-dependent role of
river/estuarine discharge in effecting the
ecology and optical properties of the
Mississippi-Alabama and West Florida continental
shelves -- J.K. Jolliff
MODELS - variables - (source) 1. Princeton
Ocean Model, WFS - u,v,w,Kh - (R. Weisberg, R.
He, USF) 2. GCSOLAR incident UV, CDOM
photolysis rates - (EPA) 3. Bio-Optical Organic
Matter Cycling - chlorophyll a, POC, DOC,
DON, DOP, NH4, NO3, PO4, Si, IOPs,
AOPs-(written by J.K. Jolliff) 4. Rapid
Remote-Sensing Reflectance computations - Rrs -
(Z. Lee et al. 1998) Data - Source - (courtesy
of) 1. River Streamflow and Water Quality - USGS
- (public domain) x 2. CDOM/DOC River Endmembers
- USF - (P. Coble, A. Stovall-Leonard) 3. CDOM -
NEGOM, ECOHAB, SeaWiFS - USF - (P. Coble, F.
Muller-Karger, C. Hu) 4. Chlorophyll a -SeaWiFS,
NEGOM, ECOHAB-TAMU, USF- (D. Biggs, G. Vargo, C.
Hu) 5. Nutrients - NEGOM, ECOHAB - TAMU, USF (D.
Biggs, A. Jochens, G. Vargo, K. Fanning)
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Light
Saharan Dust
Air pCO2
Trichodesmium
DOP
DIC
PO4
Dissolved Fe
Diatoms/Flagellates
LMW DON
LMW DOC
Microflagellates
HMW DON
HMW DOC
Protozoans
Ammonifiers
NO3
Fecal pellets
Nitrifiers
NH4
CODE POM Hydrolight
DATA ECOHAB HyCODE DUST (Prospero) MODIS/SeaWiFS/
AVHRR
GOAL Competition between various species groups
and Trichodesmium for Fe P on the WFS in order
to evaluate new N from biological N-fixation.
Jason M. Lenes
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Light
CO2
Atmosphere
DOM
DIC
NH4
SiO4
Fecal Pellets
NO3
PO4
Detritus
Water Column
DIC
Detritus
DOM
NO3
Fecal Pellets
NH4
SiO4
PO4
Sediments
Brian Darrow 3-D Ecological Model
Goal Examine the role of benthic microalgae in
WFS production and nutrient dynamics amid the
physical forcing of 98, 99, and 00 runs of POM.
Initial Conditions NEGOM, FSLE, HyCODE and
fossil sediment P
Validation Data Satellite Estimates of color,
NEGOM and ECOHAB observations
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Code Hydrolight, unique Data MOTE, HyCODE
Code POM-WFS, unique Data ADCP, OCG data
COUPLED BIOLOGICAL MODEL ELEMENTS
Code unique Data NGOM, FMRI, MOTE, ECOHAB
diffusion
Code unique Data ECOHAB, HRS
protozoa
A THREE-DIMENSIONAL BIOPHYSICAL MODEL OF RED TIDE
INITIATION, TRANSPORT, AND FATE ALONG THE WEST
FLORIDA SHELF, 1998-2001 SCOTT P. MILROY
Direct Input of Data or Published Estimates
Combination of Direct Input and Model Calculations
Calculated from Biological Model
Calculated from Physical Model
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• WFS Circulation Model grid

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The daily three-dimensional trajectory( ) of
neutrally buoyant microflagellates during 5
October-13 November 1998 with respect to A)
location of the water parcel and B) depth during
transit. During maximal upwelling at 4 m day-1,
the innocula of settling diatoms and migrating K.
brevis would have the greatest probability of
retention within the parcel.
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NO3 NO2 (mmol kg-1)
NEGOM survey 4-15 May 1998
NEGOM survey 15-28 May 1999
ECOHAB survey 2-4 May 1999
1 mmol kg-1 isopleth
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Three-dimensional model of three functional groups

• A simple phytoplankton community of diatoms,
  Karenia brevis, and microflagellates was provided
  slope water supplies of NO3, NH4, CO2 DIC, and
  SiO4 from a baroclinic version of POM -
  estuarine and atmospheric sources of nutrients
  were ignored. The circulation model was now
  forced with winds, freshwater runoff and slope
  boundary conditions of temperature and salinity,
  as well as the presence/absence of a Loop Current
  pressure gradient. With vertical stratification,
  kz of M-Y was now a more realistic estimate of
  vertical mixing. Other state variables were
  spectral decomposition of PAR to blue and red
  light, CDOM as a function of salinity, siliceous
  fecal pellets of copepods, and non-siliceous ones
  of protozoans. Benthic remineralization of
  nutrients was simulated, with bioturbation as a
  function of POMs near-bottom temperature field,
  but accumulation of sediment microflora was
  ignored. The maximal gross growth rates of each
  functional group were also a function of
  temperature. Ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria
  were implicit variables. Finally, differential
  grazing, respiration, and settling losses were
  imposed, with density-dependent mortality of the
  diatoms.

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Multiple CDOM boundary conditions (P. Coble et
al.)
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Table 1. CDOM river end member absorption values
(m-1 443 nm) for the terrestrial CDOM simulation
Jolliff et al., 2003. Estimates are derived
from interpolation to either the nearest CDOM
measurement or river of similar type (spring-fed,
wetland distributed, etc.).
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Redtide, Aug. 30, 2001
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Ongoing Synthesis of ONR Data

• HyCODE PIs 1/6-10, 2/26-27, 5/29, 7/9-11,
  10/21-25
• 50 talks and posters - 10th HAB conf.- ST. Pete
  Beach
• 5 reviewed publications JGR, LO, CSR thus far
• 15 papers from the KirkpatrickWalsh special
  HyCODE/ECOHAB Steidinger festschrift in CSR
• Testing of model insights within the 3 mil, 5 yr
  NOAA MERHABEastern GOMx Sentinel Program just
  started by FMRI/MOTE/USF/MBARI, using in situ
  bio-optical and molecular probes to specify
  initial conditions

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Topics for Special Issue of Continental Shelf
Research OVERVIEW 1.          System and program
Steidinger, Walsh, Pierce and
Kirkpatrick PHYSICAL SETTING 2.         
Circulation Weisberg et al. 3.          Tracers
Wanninkhof et al. 4.          Optics Lohrenz,
Carder, Schofield et al. CHEMICAL
SETTING 5.          CDOM Coble et
al. 6.          Inorganic organic nutrients
Vargo, Fanning, Heil et al. BIOLOGICAL
SETTING 7.          Remote observations of
surface patterns Hu, Carder , Mueller-Karger,
Stumpf, Bissett, Culver et al. 8.         
Phytoplankton assemblage spatial patterns
Haywood, Millie, Steidinger, Heil, Kamykowski,
Kirkpatrick, Vargo et al. 9.         
Phytoplankton physiology Redalje, Van Dolah,
Vargo, Lohrenz, Evens, Kamykowski et
al. 10.       Zooplankton distribution and
grazing Lester, Walsh, Hopkins et
al. CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL SETTING 11.       Toxins
and toxins in the food web Tester, Landsberg,
Pierce et al. MODELS 12.       Cellular Van
Dolah, Evens, Kamykowski, Lohrenz et
al. 13.       Primary productivity Kirkpatrick,
Schofield, Redalje, Evens, Lohrenz, Millie, Heil
et al. 14.       Behavioral Kamykowski,
Janowitz, Lohrenz, Kirkpatrick, Van Dolah, et
al. 15.       System Walsh et al.   Guest
editor responsibilities Walsh 1-6, 13.
Kirkpatrick 7-12, 14, 15