Industrial Revolution

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Industrial Revolution
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A New Way of Making Things

• Domestic system- make goods at home
• Industrial Revolution- change from human and
  animal power to machine power
• Steam engine
• Great Britain
• James Watt improved original design
• Factory system- grouping machines together in one
  place

http//travel.howstuffworks.com/steam1.htm
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Great Britain and the Steam Engine

• Natural Resources- iron and coal
• Skilled workers
• Transportation Network
• Steamboat
• Robert Fulton
• First one sailed up Hudson
• River (New York)
• Train engine
• George Stephenson
• Top speed 36 mph
• Railroad Age

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Terrible Conditions

• Dark, dirty, poor air
• 12-15 hours a day, 6 days a week
• Women and children workers
• Safety
• Few safety devices
• Scavenger picked up loose cotton under running
  machines
• Coal mines

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Growing Cities, Many Problems

• Huge population growth
• More people move to cities
• Factories provided jobs
• Tenements- overcrowded slum apartments

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Second Industrial Revolution
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New Sources of Power

• Electricity
• Light and power to machines
• Communication (telephone and telegraph)
• Radio waves
• Oil
• Lighting and heating
• Internal combustion engine (gasoline)

• Steel
• Steel bridges
• Skyscrapers
• Steel plows
• Thomas Edison
• Electric light bulb
• Phonograph

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Corporations and Assembly Lines

• Corporation
• New type of business organization
• Sell stock shares to public
• Profits could be divided among shareholders
• Assembly line
• Developed by Henry Ford
• Each worker adds one part
• as the product moves along
• a moving belt
• More items in a shorter period
• of time

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Capitalism and Reformers

• Economic system where individuals own most
  factories and industries
• Market economy- people make their own decisions
  about where to spend their money
• Supply and demand
• Replaced traditional economy where people work
  and spend money in ways that dont change
• Laissez faire- capitalist belief that the system
  worked best when government didnt interfere
• Reformers disagreed with laissez faire
• Wanted to keep capitalism
• More government control

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Working Conditions

• Labor unions- represent all workers in a factory
  or industry
• Fight for better wages and working conditions
• Strike if requests not met

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The Socialists

• Industries, businesses, land,
• and natural resources owned
• by the government
• Command economy
• Government controls flow of
• money
• Karl Marx
• Popularized socialism
• Predicted a revolt against the government for a
  society with no social classes
• Conditions improved so most workers saw no need
  to overthrow the system