MANAGEMENT AND BEHAVIOURAL PROCESS

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MANAGEMENT AND BEHAVIOURAL PROCESS
International Finance
Income tax
Business Communication
Finance, company law
Guidance by Prof.Shanthi Augustin
Study Mergers and Acquisitions
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COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION
COMMUNICATION CONSTITUTES A VERY IMPORTANT
FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT.NOTHING HAPPENS IN
MANAGEMENT UNTIL COMMUNICATION TAKES
PLACE.WITHOUT COMMUNICATION WE CANNOT WORK
TOGETHER IN AN ORGANISED WAY.
MANAGER SPENDS 75 TO 90 PERCENT OF THEIR WORKING
TIME WITH COMMUNICATING WITH OTHERS.
GOOD MANAGERS ARE GOOD COMMUNICATORS AND POR
MANAGERS ARE POOR COMMUNICATORS.
ACCORDING TO KEITH DAVIS
COMMUNICATION IS THE PROCESS OF PASSING
INFORMATION AND UNDERSTANDING FROM ONE PERSON TO
ANOTHER.
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PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION

• THE COMMUNICATOR FIRST FORMULATES A CLEAR IDEA
  ABOUT FACTS, OPINIONS OR INFORMATION.

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• THE IDEA IS THEN TRANSLATED INTO WORDS,SYMBOLS
  OR SOME OTHER FORM OF MESSAGE WHICH HE EXPECTS
  THE RECIEVER TO UNDERSTAND.THIS PROCESS IS KNOWN
  AS ENCODING THE MESSAGE.

• THE COMMUNICATOR SELECTS A SUITABLE MEDIA FOR
  THE TRANSMISSION OF MESSAGE.EG-
  TELEPHONE,TELEVISION

• THE MESSAGE IS RECEIVED BY THE COMMUNICATEE.HE
  UNDERSTANDS IT BY CODING THE MESSAGE.

• THE COMMUNICATEE ACTS UPON THE MESSAGE AS HE/SHE
  HAS UNDERSTOOD IT.

• FINALLY, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATION IS
  MEASURED THROUGH FEEDBACK.IF YHE COMMUNICATION
  BRINGS IN THE DESIRED CHANGES IN THE ACTIONS OR
  BEHAVIOUR OF THE RECEIVER,IT IS SAID TO BE
  SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION.

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SENDER
IDEAS
ENCODING OF MESSAGE
CHANNEL ORAL,WRITTEN,SYMBOLS,ET
C
RECEIVER
DECODING THE MESSAGE
MEANING / ACTION
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TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
CLASSIFICATION OF COMMUNICATION
ON THE BASIS OF RELATIONSHIP
ON THE BASIS OF MEDIA
WRITTEN
FORMAL
INFORMAL
GESTURAL
ORAL
ON THE BASIS OF FLOW OR DIRECTION
DOWNWARD
UPWARD
HORIZONTAL
DIAGONAL
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FORMAL COMMUNICATION
FORMAL COMMUNICATION IS THAT WHICH TAKES PLACE
THROUGH THE FORMAL CHANNELS OF THE ORGANISATION
STRUCTURE DELIBERATELY AND CONSCIOUSLY
ESTABLISHED BY THE MANAGEMENT.FLOW OF INFORMATION
ALONG THE LINES OF AUTHORITY FORMALLY ESTABLISHED
IN THE ENTERPRISE.
SUCH COMMUNICATIONS ARE GENERALLY IN WRITING AND
MAY TAKE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING FORMS

• POLICY MANUALS
• PROCEDURAL AND RULE BOOKS
• OFFICIAL MEETINGS
• INTERVIEWS ETC..,

THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION ARE

• IT HELPS IN THE FIXATION OF RESPONSIBILITY AND
  MAINTAINING OF AUTHORITY RELATIONSHIP.

THE LIMITATIONS ARE

• IT IS TIME CONSUMING
• CUMBERSOME
• IT LEADS TO A DEAL OF DISTORTION

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INFORMAL COMMUNICATION OR GRAPEVINE
COMMUNICATION ARISING OUT OF ALL THOSE CHANNELS
OF COMMUNICATION THAT FALL OUTSIDE THE FORMAL
CHANNELS IS KNOWN AS INFORMAL COMMUNICATION.
IT DOESNOT FOLLOW LINES OF AUTHORITY.IT ARISES
DUE TO THE PERSONAL NEEDS OF THE MEMBERS OF AN
ORGANISATION AND EXISTS IN EVERY ORGANISATION.
ADVANTAGES

• IT SATISFIES THE DESIRES OF THE PEOPLE TO KNOW
  WHAT IS HAPPENING IN THE ORGANISATION.
• IT HELPS TO IMPROVE MANAGERIAL DECISIONS AS MORE
  PEOPLE ARE INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF DECISION
  MAKING.
• IT SERVES AS A VERY USEFUL PURPOSE IN CONVEYING
  CERTAIN MESSAGES.

DISADVANTAGES

• IT CONSISTS OF HALF TRUTHS.
• IT COMPLETELY CONTAINS INACCURATE INFORMATION.
• IT CONSISTS OF RUMOURS AND DISTORTED INFORMATION.

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DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A SUPERIOR AND SUBORDINATE
IS KNOWN AS VERTICAL COMMUNICATION.IT MAY BE
DOWNWARD OR UPWARD COMMUNICATION.
IT FOLLOWS THE LINE OF AUTHORITY FROM THE TOP TO
THE BOTTOM OF THE ORGANISATION HIERARCHY.
IT IS A MUST IN ANY ORGANISATION.IT IS NEEDED FOR

• TO GET THINGS DONE.
• TO PREPARE FOR CHANGES.
• TO DISCOURAGE LACK OF UNDERSTANDING AND
  SUSPICION.

EXAMPLES

• NOTICES
• CIRCULARS
• ORDERS
• MEMOS
• LETTERS
• ANNUAL REPORTS

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UPWARD COMMUNICATION
UPWARD COMMUNICATION MEANS THE FLOW OF
INFORMATION FROM THE LOWER LEVELS OF THE
ORGANISATION TO THE HIGHER LEVELS OF AUTHORITY.IT
PASSES FROM THE SUBORDINATE AS TO A SUPERIOR AS
THAT FROM WORKER TO FOREMAN,FROM FOREMAN TO
MANAGER,MANAGER TO GENERAL MANAGER,GENERAL
MANAGER TO CHIEF EXECUTIVE.
IT IS NEEDED FOR

• TO CREATE RESPECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATION.
• TO CREATE A SENSE OF BELONGINGNESS.
• TO INCREASE THE MORALE OF EMPLOYEES.
• TO MAKE IMPROVEMENTS.

EXAMPLES

• REPORTS
• MEETINGS
• COMPLAINTS
• SURVEYS
• SUGGESTIONS

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CHIEF EXECUTIVE
DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
UPWARD COMMUNICATION/FEEDBACK
MANAGER
SUPERVISOR A
SUPERVISOR B
SUPERVISOR C
LATERAL COMMUNICATION
DIAGONAL
COMMUNICATION
WORKMEN
WORKMEN
WORKMEN
HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
THE TRANSMISSION OF INFORMATION AND UNDERSTANDING
IS CALLED THE HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION.THIS TYPE
OF COMMUNICATION IS ALSO KNOWN AS LATERAL OR
SIDEWARD OR CROSSWISE COMMUNICATION.
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IT ENABLES THE MANAGER WORKING AT THE SAME LEVEL
TO EXCHANGE INFORMATION AND CO ORDINATE THEIR
ACTIVITIES WITHOUT REFFERING ALL MATTERS TO THE
HIGHER LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT.
THE HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION IS GENERALLY OF AN
INFORMAL NATURE. WHENEVER A DEPARTMENTAL HEAD
REQUIRES SOME INFORMATION FROM ANOTHER
DEPARTMENTAL HEAD, HE TENDS TO CONTACT HIM
DIRECTLY. HOWEVER, THIS TYPE OF COMMUNICATION CAN
BE ORAL OR WRITTEN.
DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION
THE TRANSFORM OF INFORMATION BETWEEN PEOPLE WHO
ARE NEITHER IN THE SAME LEVEL OF ORGANISATION IS
CALLED DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION.
EXAMPLE
WHEN ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER COMMUNICATES
WITH THE ACCOUNTS CLERK DIRECTLY,IT IS THE CASE
OF DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION. THIS, TYPE OF
COMMUNICATION INCREASES THE ORGANISATIONAL
EFFICIENCY BY SPEEDING UP INFORMATION AND CUTTING
ACROSS DEPARTMENTAL BARRIERS.
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WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION THROUGH WORDS,MAY BE IN WRITING OR
ORAL.WRITTEN COMMUNICATION IMPLIES TRANSMISSION
OF MESSAGE IN BLACK AND WHITE.TO BE
EFFECTIVE,WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SHOULD BE CLEAR,
CONCISE, CORRECT, COMPLETE.
IT MAY TAKE THE FOLLOWING FORMS

• REPORTS.
• CIRCULARS.
• MAGAZINES.
• NEWS PAPER.
• NOTICE BOARDS.
• MANUALS.
• PICTURES,DIAGRAMS,GRAPHS.
• RULE AND PROCEDURE BOOKS.
• INSTRUCTIONS.
• ORDERS
• AGREEMENTS.

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ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

• IT PROVIDES A PERMANENT RECORD
• IT IS AN IDEAL WAY OF TRANSMITTING LENGTHY
  MESSAGES.
• IT TENDS TO BE COMPLETE,CLEAR,CORRECT.
• IT IS USED TO EXCHANGE INFORMATION AT DISTANT
  PLACES.
• IT IS USED TO CONVEY MESSAGE TO A LARGE NUMBER
  OF PEOPLE.

DISADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

• IT IS EXPENSIVE.
• IT IS TIME CONSUMING.
• IT IS DIFFICULT TO MAINTAIN SECRET MESSAGES.
• IT IS VERY FORMAL AND LACKS PERSONAL TOUCH.
• IT OFTENLY BECOMES LENGTHY,WHEN MESSAGES ARE
  CONVEYED IN WRITING.

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ORAL COMMUNICATION
ORAL OR VERBAL COMMUNICATION IMPLIES THE
CONVEYING OF MESSAGES THROUGH SPOKEN WORDS.IT IS
FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND
INCLUDES COMMUNICATION THROUGH TELEPHONE,INTERCOM,
PUBLIC SPEECH.
IN ORGANISATIONS , A GREAT DEAL OF INFORMATION IS
EXCHANGED ORALLY.
IT MAY TAKE THE FOLLOWING FORMS(EXAMPLES)

• FACE TO FACE TALKS.
• INTERVIEWS.
• LECTURES.
• MEETINGS.
• CONFERENCES.
• TELEPHONIC CONVERSATIONS.
• ANNOUNCEMENTS.

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ADVANTAGES OF ORAL COMMUNICATION

• IT IS LESS EXPENSIVE OR ECONOMICAL COMPARED TO
  WRITTEN COMMUNICATION.

• IT IS QUICKER AND SAVES TIME.
• IT IS MORE EFFECTIVE.
• MISUNDERSTANDINGS OR DOUBTS CAN BE REMOVED THEN
  AND THERE.
• IT PROVIDES AS THE ONLY MEANS OF CONVEYING
  MESSAGES DURING TIMES OF EMERGENCIES.

DISADVANTAGES

• IT IS LESS RELIABLE.
• IT PROVIDES NO RECORD FOR FUTURE REFERENCES.
• IT IS NOT SUITABLE FOR LENGTHY MESSAGES.
• IT DOESNOT PROVIDE SUFFICINT TIME FOR THINKING
  BEFORE CONVEYING THE MESSAGES.
• IT HAS THE TENDENCY OF BEING DISTORTED.

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GESTURAL OR NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION DOESNOT MERELY MEAN WRITTEN OR ORAL
MESSAGES.MESSAGES CAN BE CONVEYED FROM ONE PERSON
TO ANOTHER BY MOVEMENT OF LIPS OR WINK OF EYE.
EXPRESSION THROUGH BODY PARTS IS KNOWN AS
GESTURAL COMMUNICATION.
EXAMPLES

• FACIAL EXPRESSION
• MOVEMENT OF LIPS
• WINK OF AN EYE.
• NODDING OF HEADS.
• MOVEMENT OF HANDS.

Presented by JNC, Bangalore Guidance of Prof.
Shanthi Augustin
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Presented by JNC Bangalore
Alter Native Work is Rest

• Guided By Prof. Shanthi Augustin

www.augustin.co.nr
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CONTENTS

• MOBILE PHONES
• INTERNET
• E-MAIL
• TELECONFERENCING

If enmity is destroyed enemy is also destroyed
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MOBILE PHONES

• THE MOBILE PHONE IS BASED ON A COMBINATION OF THE
  OLD RADIO TECHNOLOGY EMERGING TELECOMMUNICATION
  TECHNOLOGY.MOBILE PHONE HAVE SOME OF THE
  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HOME PHONES BUT THERE ARE
  SEVERAL DIFFERENCES. MOBILE PHONE OPERATE THROUGH
  AIRWAYS, MUCH LIKE A RADIO. THIS MEANS THAT
  WEATHER CONDITIONS, UNDERGROUND PARKING OR
  PASSAGES AND FORTIFIED BUILDINGS MAY EFFECT
  RECEPTION . THERE ARE SOME BOUNDRIES TO MOBILE
  COVERAGE OUTSIDE METROPOLITAN AREAS AWAY FROM
  MAJOR HIGHWAYS.

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INTERNET

• THE INTERNET IS WORLD WIDE NETWORK OF NETWORKS.
  IT HELPS DISSIMILAR COMPUTERS WITH DIFERENT
  OPERATING SYSTEMS TO COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER
  USING A STANDARD SET OF PROTOCOLS.

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• ISP
• MODEM
• WEBSITE
• HOME PAGE
• WEB BROWSER
• WWW
• URL

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HOW THE INTERNET WORKS?
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• HTTP
• WEB ADDRESSESAN ADDRESSING SYTSTEM WAS DESIGNED
  BY THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE(IETF).
  THIS ADDRESSING SCHEME ASSIGNS NAMES AND NUMBERS
  TO IDENTIFY THE COMPUTERS ON THE INTERNET. THESE
  NAMES ARE CALLED DOMAIN NAMES AND THE NUMBERS ARE
  CALLED IP ADDERESS.

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• AN IP ADDRESS CONTAINS FOUR SETS OF NUMBERS
  SEPARATED BY PERIODS OR DOTS. EACH SET OF NUMBERS
  CAN HAVE THE VALUES RANGING FROM 1 TO 25.THE
  NUMBERS BETWEEN THE DOTS IS CALLED OCTET.
• FOR EGTHE VSNL SERVER AT NEW DELHI HAS AN IP
  ADDERESS OF 202.54.15.1 ALTHOUGH THE IP
  ADDERESSING SCHEME IDENTIFIES THE COMPUTERS ON
  THE INTERNET , NUMBERS ARE DIFFICULT TO REMEMBER.

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E-MAIL

• IT TAKES DAYS TO SEND A MAIL ACROSS THE COUNTRY
  AND WEEKS TO GO AROUND THE WORLD . NOWADAYS ,
  ELECTRONIC MAIL IS USED. IT SAVES TIME AND MONEY.
  IT IS FAST AND EASY TO USE.

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STEPS FOR SENDING E-MAIL

• START AN E-MAIL PROGRAMME.
• GIVE THE ADDRESS OF WHERE TO SEND THE E-MAIL.
• COMPOSE THE MESSAGE USING THE E-MAIL PROGRAMME.
• GIVE THE COMMAND TO SEND THE MESSAGE.

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• IN ORDER TO SEND A E-MAIL
• ISSUE OF CONFIDENTIALITY AND SECURITY POSE THE
  GREATEST PROBLEM
• EFFICIENCY OF THE E-MAIL

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ADVANTAGES OF E-MAIL

• SPEED
• CONTENT
• COST
• RECEVING MESSAGES.

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TELECONFERENCING

• MEANING TELECONFERENCING CAN BRING PEOPLE
  TOGETHER WITHOUT ANYONE HAVING TO SPEND TIME AND
  MONEY ON TRAVELL
• TYPES OF TELECONFERENCING
• AUDIO TELECONFERENCING IT IS A CONFERENCE BY
  TELEPHONE .IT IS INEXPENSIVE MEDIUM.IT IS ALSO
  CALLED AS PHONE MEETING.

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• THE MAIN FACTORS FOR ITS WIDE SPREAD ACCEPTANCE
  ARE
• EASY TO USE
• EASILY AVAILABLE
• EASY TO PARTICIPATE

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• AUDIO GRAPHICS TELECONFERECINGIT PROVIDES THE
  FACILITY TO MOVE THE TEXT , COMPUTER GENERATED
  IMAGES , PHOTOGRAPHS AND LARGE FILES OVER
  ORDINARY TELEPHONE LINES . IT IS NOT EXPENSIVE AS
  VIDEO CONFERENCING .

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• VIDEO TELECONFERENCINGS IT ALLOWS THE PEOPLE AT
  DIFFERENT LOCATIONS TO SEE AND HEAR EACH OTHER AT
  THE SAME TIME .IT IS FULLY INTERACTIVE AND ALMOST
  LIKE A FACE TO MEETING .
• THE BENEFITS OF VIDEO CONFERENCING
• IT IS ALMOST FACE TO FACE COMMUNICATION .
• MEANINGFUL
• SAVES TIME AND COST
• ALLOWS PEOPLE TO KEEP IN TOUCH.

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CONCLUSION
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THANK YOU
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I

• FROM,
• PAVANI
• NANDINI .R .D
• FLAVIA
• SANDRA .T

It is Jyoti Nivas college presentation Bangalore
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