Emissions Inventory: India

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Emissions Inventory India China Assessments
P.R. Shukla
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Indian Emissions in 1995 (Million Ton)

• CO2 780
• CH4 18.3
• N2O 0.3
• NOx 3.6
• SO2 4.7

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Trends of Indian emissions (Million Ton)
Carbon dioxide
Methane
Growth rate 1
Growth rate 6.4
20
1000
19
800
18
600
Emissions (MT)
17
400
16
200
15
0
1985
1990
1995
1985
1990
1995
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Trends of Indian emissions (MT)
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Comparative GHG Emissions from Other Countries
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Methane Emissions (1990)
(MT) Dominant Sources India 17.2 Livestock
China 28.5 Rice Brazil 9.9 Livestock USA 2
7.0 Solid Waste, Oil Global 375 Agriculture,
Solid Waste, Livestock
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CO2 per Capita (1990)
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Growth Rates of CO2 Emissions (1990-95)
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N2O Emissions (1990)
Global Emissions .. 9000 Gg
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SO2 per Area (1990)
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Growth Rates of SO2 Emissions
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NOx Emissions (1990)
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Emission Coefficients
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Indian Emission Coefficients

• CO2, N2O and NOX coefficients are same as IPCC
• Fuelwood Sulfur contents assumed to be closer to
  CORINAIR 90 range, rather than to IPCC default
  values

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Methane Emission Coefficients

• Age profile specific livestock emissions (from
  IPCC)
• Methane coefficients for paddy are Indianised
• Coal mines are categorized in four levels (as per
  IPCC) for Methane estimates
• For MSW, IPCC co-efficient is used. While MSW
  estimates are Indianised, composition may differ
  from IPCC assumptions

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Methane Emission Coefficient Paddy
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Methane Emission Coefficient Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW)
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Differences in SO2 Emission coefficients
(Ton/Ton)
Emissions (MT) 1990 1995 Indian
coefficients 3.61 4.65 IPCC coefficients
4.14 5.04
Coal coefficients compared with IPCC low coal
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Regional Emission Distributions
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CO2 Emission Distribution
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Methane Emissions
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Sectoral Emissions
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Contribution to GWP (1995)
CO2 equivalent GWP 1254 MT Growth rate
(1990-95) 4.1
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CO2 Emissions (1995)
62 contribution to GWP

• Power sector emits 80 from 30 plants
• Industry emissions are relatively dispersed
• 10 districts emit 70 (including 5 steel
  plants)

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CO2 Emissions Growth Rates (1985-95)
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Growth rates of Transport CO2 (1985-95)
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Methane Major Contributors
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N2O Major Contributors
7 contribution to GWP
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SO2 Major Contributors
Emission sources same as CO2 emissions
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NOx Major Contributors
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Methane Emissions Urban - Rural Comparison
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Emissions from Large Point Sources
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LPS Location Map
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LPS CO2 Emissions
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LPS SO2 Emissions
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CO2 from Power Plants
Million Tons

• 50 LPS emit 40 of all India CO2
• More concentration near coal mine mouths

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CO2 Contribution from LPS
All India Emissions 778 MT
All India
LPS
Others (Transport, Household)
LPS
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Emission Performance and Age of Power Plants

• R2 (age SO2 gm/kWh) 0.57
• Other measures (FGD) required for further
  improvements

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Largest CO2 LPS
All these top emitters are power sector LPS
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Urbanization and LPS (Metro-districts)
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Emissions Maps for China
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Chinas SO2 Emissions Inventory Maps
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