ADEJUWON,GRACE A' Ph'D Psychology Department, University of Ibadan

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ADEJUWON,GRACE A.(Ph.D)Psychology
Department,University of Ibadan
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TOBACCO CONTROL

• INTRODUCTION
• Africa was first introduced to Tobacco in 1560 by
  the Portuguese and Spanish merchants who shipped
  the leaves to East Africa from where it spreads
  to West Africa.
• Tobacco control" means a range of supply, demand
  and harm reduction strategies that aim to improve
  the health of a population by eliminating or
  reducing their consumption of tobacco products
  and exposure to tobacco smoke
• Tobacco control involves measures to restrict
  both the consumption and the production of
  tobacco.

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• changing individual behaviour
• altering the social and political environments.
  
• There are competing interests at stake
• Tobacco growing and the manufacture of tobacco
  products bring economic
• benefits to some people.

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• Other people bear the costs of the social,
  environmental, and health consequences of tobacco
  production and consumption.
• To make effective tobacco control policy,
  therefore, decision-makers need
• accurate information about the costs and
  benefits of tobacco.
• the likely cost-effectiveness of specific
  measures to restrict its use and production.
• to find the best combination of measures to help
  people make the decision to stop and stay tobacco
  free.

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• The case for reducing consumption is made
  stronger by the fact that quitting tobacco use
  has been shown to have positive impacts on health
  within a short period of time..
• Increase in the prevalence of smoking among young
  people in Nigeria
• Adolescents aged 10-14 viewing smoking in the
  movies stand the risk of starting smoking.

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• For example in Nigeria the British American
  Tobacco launched a huge campaign for its Rothmans
  brand.
• The Experience It campaign included airing
• blockbuster Hollywood hits in air conditioned
• cinemas.
• Smokers were given a free pack of Rothmans, and
  non-smokers were given a lighted Rothmans
  cigarette to Experience It (see
  www.essentialaction.org/tobacco/letter/ng0303 for
  more details).
• This is a clear example of how the industry
• uses Hollywood as an advertising medium

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• several factors such as social behaviours,
  genetic factors, social , psychological
  environmental location, sex, age influencing
  tobacco use.
• There has been proliferation of Tobacco
  companies(e.g. Gallaher of UK, Japan Tobacco
  International) in Nigeria because the legislation
  controlling tobacco is weak.

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• Nigeria tobacco smoking prevalence control
  indicates that the following are not regulated
  World Health Report,(2002)
• Amount of tar, amount of nicotine, amount of
  other ingredients/constituents, constituent
  disclosure by brand and product constituents as
  public information
• There is no tobacco control education/promotion.

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• There are regulations on
• Advertising health warnings and package health
  warning.
• the warning did not seem to have a
  significant effect on teenagers smoking behaviour
  in Nigeria.
• Infrastructures not yet regulated include
• Sales to minors, sales by minors, free products,
  single cigarette sales, misleading information on
  packaging, sponsorship and promotion for certain
  audiences.
• Smoking has been banned in Government buildings,
  educational facilities, health care centres,
  buses, trains and taxis.

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CURRENT TOBACCO CONTROL PROGRAMMES

• Efforts to negotiate a global tobacco control
  treaty (The Framework Convention on Tobacco
  Control)
• in 1999 192 member states of WHO endorsed the
  first global health treaty under the auspices of
  the WHO.
• The FCTC was adopted unanimously by the World
  Health Assembly in May 2003.
• In order to address the international tobacco
  epidemic, the World Health Organization (WHO) the
  Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)
  entered into force in Feb.17,2005.

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• According to the FCTC site, Nigeria signed the
  treaty on 28th June, 2004 and ratified ir on 20th
  Oct, 2005.
• Also, the mission of the Tobacco WHO/AFRO (2005)
  is to reduce the burden of disease and death
  caused by tobacco through reducing tobacco use
  prevalence and exposure to tobacco smoke in all
  segments of the population in the African Region.
• This includes minors (below 18years), In and
  out of secondary school students, University
  students, young adults and the elderly.
• The primary goal of Tobacco control therefore
  include
• Preventing young ones from starting smoking

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• reducing smoking among Nigerian minors,
  adolescents and adults reduce exposure to
  secondhand smoke,
• reducing youth access to tobacco products, and
  reveal and counter tobacco industry influence.
• reducing the acceptability of tobacco use in
  Nigerian communities.

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• Tobacco control advocates such as
• Journalists Action on tobacco and Health(JATH),
  Environmental Rights action/ Friends of the Earth
  (ERA/FoEN) and Professionals Against Tobacco(PAT)
  among others have continued to call for vigilance
  on the tobacco industries.
• The FCTC treaty is yet to be passed into law in
  Nigeria.
• Communities, parents, teachers, and those who
  interact with children need to be involved in
  advocacy.

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Challenges

• This include
• Tobacco industries donate to Government projects,
  disaster relief projects and Sporting activities.
  They also engage in political peddling.
• There is limited data on behavioural and
  epidemiological surveys in Nigeria.
• Limited institutional capacities and human
  resources.

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CONCLUSION

• Concerted efforts through research and training
  needed for data, behavioural and psychological
  interventions
• implementation of the FCTC treaty signed by
  Nigeria to be fully implemented.
• Evaluation.
• THANK YOU.