World Trade Organization WTO

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World Trade Organization (WTO)
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WTO Multilateral Agreements On Trade In
GoodsTechnical Barriers

• Clause 2.4Where technical regulations are
  required and relevant international standards
  exist or their completion is imminent, Members
  shall use them, or the relevant parts of them, as
  a basis for their technical regulations except
  when such international standards or relevant
  parts would be an ineffective or inappropriate
  means for the fulfillment of the legitimate
  objectives pursued, for instance because of
  fundamental climatic or geographical factors or
  fundamental technological problems.
• Clause 3.4
• Members shall not take measures which require or
  encourage local government bodies or
  nongovernmental bodies within their territories
  to act in a manner inconsistent with the
  provisions of Article 2.
• Clause 3.5
• Members are fully responsible under this
  Agreement for the observance of all provisions of
  Article 2. Members shall formulate and implement
  positive measures and mechanisms in support of
  the observance of the provisions of Article 2 by
  other than central government bodies.

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WTO Multilateral Agreements On Trade In
GoodsTechnical Barriers

• Clause 5.4
• In cases where a positive assurance is required
  that products conform with technical regulations
  or standards, and relevant guides or
  recommendations issued by international
  standardizing bodies exist or their completion is
  imminent, Members shall ensure that central
  government bodies use them, or the relevant parts
  of them, as a basis for their conformity
  assessment procedures, except where, as duly
  explained upon request, such guides or
  recommendations or relevant parts are
  inappropriate for the Members concerned, for,
  inter alia, such reasons as national security
  requirements the prevention of deceptive
  practices protection of human health or safety,
  animal or plant life or health, or the
  environment fundamental climatic or other
  geographical factors fundamental technological
  or infrastructural problems.

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Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
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• FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE NEWS MEDIA CONTACT
• April 15, 2004 Lauren Van Wazer [phone]
• FCC ADOPTS RULE CHANGES FOR IMPROVED RADIO
  FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS TO FACILITATE
  HOMELAND SECURITY EFFORTS
• Washington, D.C. In an effort to increase
  homeland security and improve the efficiency of
  commercial shipping operations, the Federal
  Communications Commission today adopted a Third
  Report and Order (Order) that allows for the
  operation of improved radio frequency
  identification (RFID) systems for use in
  conjunction with commercial shipping containers.
  This action is expected to result in lower
  shipping costs and improved security at ports,
  rail yards and warehouses in commercial and
  industrial settings by enabling the contents of
  containers to be rapidly inventoried. These
  improvements will also help system users
  determine whether tampering with their contents
  has occurred during shipping.
• RFID systems use radio signals to identify items.
  Uses of RFID include electronic toll collection
  such as the E-Z Pass system and anti-theft tags.
  An RFID system consists of a tag mounted on the
  item to be identified and a device that receives
  information transmitted from the tag. The
  Commissions rules permit RFID systems to be
  operated on a number of frequency bands, subject
  to limitations on their maximum signal level and
  transmission duration. These limitations
  constrain the range and information transfer
  rates of RFIDs.

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• The Order increases the maximum signal level
  permitted for RFID systems operating in the
  433.5-434.5 MHz band to facilitate more reliable
  transmissions with greater range than the rules
  previously allowed. The 433 MHz band is
  available for unlicensed operation in many
  countries around the world, thus enabling
  manufactures to produce a single model of a
  device for use in both the United States and
  other countries. The Order also increases the
  maximum permitted transmission duration for these
  RFID systems from one second to 60 seconds,
  resulting in a sixty-fold increase in the amount
  of data that can be transmitted, thus
  facilitating the scanning of the contents of an
  entire shipping container. To minimize the risk
  of interference to authorized communication
  services, operation of RFID systems with higher
  power and longer transmission duration is limited
  to commercial shipping containers in commercial
  and industrial areas.
• Action by the Commission April 15, 2004, by Third
  Report and Order (FCC 04-98). Chairman Powell,
  Commissioners Abernathy, Copps, Martin, and
  Adelstein. Statement by Chairman Powell.
• Office of Engineering and Technology contact
  Mr. Hugh L. Van Tuyl, [phone], e-mail
  Hugh.VanTuyl_at_fcc.gov.
• ET Docket No. 01-278
• FCC

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• STATEMENT OF
• CHAIRMAN MICHAEL K. POWELL
• Re Review of Part 15 and other Parts of the
  Commissions Rules, Third Report and Order, ET
  Docket No. 01-278
• With more than two billion tons of freight
  traveling through U.S. ports and waterways
  yearly, ensuring the efficient flow of goods
  while reducing the possibility of terrorism and
  fraud is no easy task.
• Todays Third Report and Order allows a powerful
  new technology to help secure our ports while
  increasing productivity. Specifically, we change
  Commission rules to allow for the introduction of
  smart shipping containers that can detect
  intrusions and streamline the inventory process.
• When you consider that a trillion dollars worth
  of goods pass through our ports annually, the
  potential economic benefits of this technology
  become clear.
• It is worth noting that some have raised privacy
  concerns regarding the use of radio frequency
  identification (RFID) tags. We are aware of these
  concerns, and stress that todays ruling is
  narrowly tailored. The technical and operational
  rules we adopt today allow higher-powered/longer-d
  uration RFID tag use on limited frequencies, and
  only in commercial and industrial environments.
  We also take steps to protect federal government
  radar sites from interference by requiring
  grantees of an equipment authorization for a 433
  MHz RFID device to register their location and
  inform purchasers where the devices may or may
  not be used.
• Im excited by the prospects for improved
  inventory control, lower costs, and increased
  homeland security that this technology promises
  to bring.

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Interoperability
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The Layers of Logistic Units (Optically Readable
Media)
Layer 5ISO TC 204 (None)AIAG B-15
Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train)
Layer 4ISO TC 104 (None)
Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container)
Layer 3ISO TC 122/WG 4 (15394)ANS MH10.8.1AIAG
B-10/14EIA 556-BUCC 6 / Genl EAN Spec
Layer 2ISO TC 122/WG 4 (15394)ANS MH10.8.1AIAG
B-10/14EIA 556-BUCC 6 / Genl EAN Spec
Layer 1ISO TC 122/WG 7 (22742) ANS MH10.8.6AIAG
B-4 EIA 621/624 IEC 62090 UCC 1 / Genl EAN Spec
Layer 0ISO TC 122 (TBD)ANS MH10.8.7AIAG
B-4EIA SP-3497UCC 1 / Genl EAN Spec
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The Layers of Logistic Units (Radio Frequency
Identification - RFID)
Layer 5
Movement Vehicle (truck, airplane, ship, train)
Layer 4 (433 MHz, 860-960 MHz)ISO 17363
Container (e.g., 40 foot Sea Container)
Layer 3 (433 MHz, 860-960 MHz)ISO 17364
Unit Load Pallet
Unit Load Pallet
Layer 2 (860-960 MHz)ISO 17365
Transport Unit
Transport Unit
Transport Unit
Transport Unit
Layer 1 (860-960 MHz) ISO 17366
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Pkg
Layer 0 (860-960 MHz)ISO 17367
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Item
Note 433 MHz from ISO/IEC 18000-7 860-960 MHz
from ISO/IEC 18000-6