Title: Transcriptional Regulation
1Transcriptional Regulation
- ??? ?????.
- ???? ????' ??? ??????.
- ???????? ????????? ??????? 2006.
2????????
- ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????.
- ????? ?????????? microarray.
- ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???
- ????? ?????.
- ????? ???????.
- ????? ?????? ?? ????.
3?? ?? ???? ?
- Genome-Wide Location Analysis
- ????? ?????.
- ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? Gal4, Ste12.
- A plethora of sites
- ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????.
- ????? ????.
- ???? ????? ????? ????????.
4?? ?? ???? ?
- Control of Pancreas and Liver Gene Expression by
HNF Transcription Factors - ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? HNF ???? ??????.
- ????? ????????? HNF4a ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????.
5?? ?? ???? ?
- Transcriptional Regulatory Code of a Eukaryotic
Genome - ????? ???????.
- ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????.
- ?????????? ???????.
- ???? ????? ?????.
6Genome-Wide Location and Function of DNA Binding
Proteins
- Ren B et al. (2000) Genome-wide location and
function of DNA binding proteins. Science.
290(5500)2306-2309.
7Location Analysis
8?? ???????
9????? ??????
10????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????
11????? ??????
- ?????? ????? ???????.
- ????? ?????? ????.
- ????? ?????? ???? ??????.
12Gal4
- ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????.
- ??? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????.
13Gal4
- ????? 10 ???? ????? ???? Gal4????? ?????? ????
?????? ??????? ??????. - 7 ???? ??????? ????? ????
- GAL1, GAL2, GAL3, GAL7, GAL10, GAL80, GCY1
- 3 ???? ?????
- MTH1, PCL10, FUR4
14????? ????? ???? ?-Gal4
15??? ???????? ?? Gal4
- ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? Gal4.
- ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ????? Gal4 ?? ????
in vivo. - ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????.
- ???? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????.
16????? ???????
17Yeast Mating
- ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? a ?- a.
- ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??
?????????. - ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? (conjugate)
?????? ?? ?????????. - ??? ???? a ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? a.
18Yeast Mating
- ??? ???? ?????????.
- ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ????.
- ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????.
19Ste12
- ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ?-mating
pheromone. - ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?
- ????? ????? ??? ???? G1.
- ???????? ?? ?-200 ????.
- ????? ????? 29 ???? ????????? ?"? a-factor ?????
???? Ste12.
20Ste12
- 11 ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????.
- ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ????
?????????.
21(No Transcript)
22Ste12
- ???? ??????? ?-Ste12 ???? ????? ?????? ???????
- ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????.
- ????? Ste12 ?? ???? ????????? .
- ???? ?? ????? Ste12.
- ???? ??????? ?-Ste12 ???? ?????? ???????
- ???????? ?????.
- ??????? ?????????? ??????.
23??????? ?????
- ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????.
- ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????.
- ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? (????, ???????
????????). - ????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????
????. - ?? ?? ???? ?????...
24?? ??? ???? ????? ?
- ???? ?????-?????.
- ???? ?????-RNA.
25A Plethora of Sites
- Euskirchen G, Snyder M, A plethora of sites,.
(2004) Nat Genet. 36(4)325-326.
26???? ?????
- ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????
???? ?????????. - ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? (6-9 bp).
- ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?"? ???? ???? ????
?????? ?-3 ??????? ?????? ?
27ChIP-chip
28ChIP-chip
- ?????????? ????? ????? ????.
- ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????
????? ????. - ????? NF-?B ?-CREB ????????? 22.
- ????? Sp1, c-Myc ?-p53 ??????????? 21 ?-22.
29??????
- ???? NF-?B, CREB, c-Myc ?-Sp1 ????? ?????? ??????
?? ???? ????? - ?-12,000 ?? ???????? 21.
- ?-25,000 ?? ???????? 22.
- ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???
???? ??????? ???? ????.
30??????
- ??' ???? ??????? NF-?B ?-CREB ??????? ?????
??????? ?????. - ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????,Regulatory cascade.
31????? ????
- ???? ????? ????
- ???? ????? ????? ??????.
- ???? ????.
- 9-27 ????? ?????? ?????? ????? 1 kb ?????? ???.
- ???? NF-?B ?-CREB, ?-25 ?????? ????? 1-10 kb
????.
32????? ????
- 40 ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????.
- ????? ???? ?????? ????? '3 ?? ???.
- ??????? ?? ????? anti-sense.
- ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? '5 ?-'3.
33??? ????? ????
- ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????
?????? ????? ???? - ?? ?- 2-35 ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????
?????????. - ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????.
- ????? ??? ?????? ???????.
34??? ????? ????
- ?????? NF-?B ?-CREB ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????
??? ????? ?????. - ????? ?? ???? ?? ?????.
- ???? ?- NF-?B ????? ?? ???????.
- ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???
?????????.
35??????
- ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????.
- ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?
- ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????.
- ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????????.
- ???? "???" ????????.
36?????
- ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????
?? ?????????? ????? in vivo. - ??? ???? ?
- ????? 1500 ?????? ????? ????.
- ????? ????? ?? 250 ???? ???? ???????.
37Control of Pancreas and Liver Gene Expression by
HNF Transcription Factors
- Odom T et al. (2004) Control of Pancreas and
Liver Gene Expression by HNF Transcription
Factors. Science. 3031378-1381.
38??? ??????? Islets of Langerhans
- ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????.
- ??? a ???????.
- ??? ß ????????.
- ??? ???? ??????????.
- ??? PP Pancreatic polypeptide .
39Hepatocytes
- ???? ??????? ?-60-80 ???? ????.
- ?????? ??
- ?????? ???????.
- ???????? ?? ??????.
- ???????? ?? ???????.
- Detoxification ??????????? ????????? ?? ????
??????????.
40?????? ?????? ???????
- HNF1a, HNF6, HNF4a
- ???? ?????? ????? ???????????.
- ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????.
- ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??????.
- ??????? ?-HNF1a ??-HNF4a ?????? ??????.
41Genome-Wide Location Analysis
- Microarray ????? 13,000 ????.
- ???? ?? ?? ?????? ???????
- 700 bp upstream.
- 200 bp downstream.
42??????
43??????
- HNF4a ????
- 12 ?????? ????? ?- Hepatocytes.
- 11 ?????? ????? ?- Pancreatic Islets .
44????? ?????? ???????
- ???? ??' ??????? ????-?????? ?"? ????? ?? ??????
???????. - ????? ??????? ??????
- ???????? ????? ?? ???????.
- ????? ??????? ?? ?-microarray.
45????? ?????? ???????
- ????? ?-2 ??????? ?????.
- ????? ???????? ????????.
- ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
- ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????.
- ????? HNF4a ???? ???? ?????? ???????.
46????? ????? ?-RNA Polymerase II
- ???? ????? ??????? ?-RNA Polymerase II
- 42 ?????? ?-HNF4a ?- Hepatocytes.
- 43 ?????? ?-HNF4a ?- Pancreatic Islets.
47????? ????? ?-RNA Polymerase II
- ????? ??? ?? HNF4a ???? ????? ?????? ????????
????? ???? ß.
48????? ???????
????? ?????? ????? ??????.
49Transcriptional Regulatory Code of a Eukaryotic
Genome
- Harbison CT et al. (2004) Transcriptional
regulatory code of a eukaryotic genome. Nature.
43199-104.
50????? ?????? ??????
- ??????? ????????
- ????? ????? ???-????????? ?????? ????? ????.
- Genome-Wide Location Analysis
- ???? ???? ?????? ?? 203 ?????? ????? ????? ?????.
- 84 ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????.
- ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????.
- ??? ????.
51????? ?? ??????
52????? ?? ??????
- ????? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ????.
- ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????
???????. - ???? ????? ?????? ????????.
- ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????.
53????? ???????
- ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 6 ?????? ?????? ???????.
- ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????
?????????.
54????? ???????
- ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????.
- ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????
- ???? ????? ???????
- .Transfac, YPD, SCPD
- ??????? ????????.
55??????? ???????? ???????
56Transcriptional Regulatory Code
- ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????.
- ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????.
- ?????? ??? ???????? ?????.
57Transcriptional Regulatory Code
58Transcriptional Regulatory Code
- ????? ?????? ????? ????
- ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????, ????? ????? ??
????? ????? ????? ????? ????. - ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????
????? ?? ????, ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????
??????.
59????? ?????? ????
- ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ???????.
60????? ?????? ????
- ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??' ???? ???.
61????? ?????? ????
- ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? in vivo.
62????? ?????? ????
- ?? ???? ?? ???' ??????? ?????.
- ????? ???????? ?????? ?
- ?????? ???????????.
- ????? ???????? in vivo.
63??????? ???? ??????
- ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????.
- ????? ????? ????? ??? ?- 100 bp ????? ??????.
- ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????????? ?????
???????? ???????????.
64??????? ???? ??????
- 74 ??????? ????? ?-100-500 bp ????? ??????.
- ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ?? 53
???????.
74
65??????? ???? ??????
- ???? ????? ?-500 bp ??????? ???? ????
????????? ??? ???????????? ?????.
74
66??????? ???? ??????
- ?????
- ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????
?-Transcription Start Site. - ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ??????.
74
67?????????? ???????
- ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????.
- ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????.
- ????? 4 ???? ??????????.
68Single Regulator
- ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????.
- ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????.
69Single Regulator
- ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????
- ???????? ?? ?????? ?????.
- ???????? ?? ???????????.
- ????? ?????????.
- ?????.
70Repetitive Motifs
- ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????.
71Repetitive Motifs
- ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? Dal80.
- ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????
(???? ???? ??? HIS4). - ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
72Multiple Regulators
- ???????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??' ???????.
- ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???' ???????
????????. - ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????.
73Co-occurring Regulators
- ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????
????? ?????.
- ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??
- ??? ???? ??? 2 ????????.
- ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??' ????.
74???? ????? ?????
- ???? ??' ?????? Location Analysis ??? ???? ?????
????? - Rich media.
- Amino acid starvation.
- Filamentation inducing ??????? ??????.
- Mating Inducing ??????? ????? ????.
- Galactose medium.
- Elevated temperature.
75???? ????? ?????
- ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????
- ??????? ?????? ?????? ??.
- ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??.
- ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????
????? ??? ????? ?????. - ????? 4 ????? ???? ????? ?????.
76Condition Invariant
- ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????
?????.
77Leu3
- ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????.
- ????? Leu3 in vivo ????? ?? ???? ????? ????
????????? ?????. - ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? Leu3 ???????
?????????.
78Leu3
- ??? ??????? ?????? Zinc cluster ?????? ??????
?????? ??????? ????. - ??? ?????, ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????
?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?-DNA.
79Condition Enabled
- ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????
???? ????? ???' ?? ?? ?????.
80Msn2
- ???? ??????? Msn2 ???? ??????????.
- ???? ?? stress, Msn2 ???? ?????????? ??????
?????? ?????? ??. - ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?"? nuclear
exclusion ?? ??????? ????.
81Condition Expanded
- ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????
???? ???????. - ??? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?????? ??????.
82Gcn4
- ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????.
- ???? Gcn4 ??? ????? ?? 6 ???? ??? ???? ?????
????? ???????????. - ???? ?? Gcn4 ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????.
83Gcn4
- ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? Gcn4
??????? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????
??????? ???? ??????.
84Condition Altered
- ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????
????? ?????.
85Ste12
- ????????? ?? Ste12 ??????? ?????? ?????
???????????? ?? ??????? ?????. - ????? ???, ????? ???? ???????? ?- filamentous
growth. - ?????? ???, Ste12 ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ??
?????? Tec1 ?? ?-DNA.
86Condition Altered
- ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????
- ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????.
- ????? (???? ????) ?????? ??????.
87?????
- ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???????
?????. - ?"? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????, ????
???? ?? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????. - ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????.
88?????? ?????
- ??' ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???
- ????? ???? ?????? ????.
- ?????? ????? 203 ?????? ????? ??? ??' ????? ??
???? ?????. - ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????.
- ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? (a ?? a, ???????? ??
?????????) ? - ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????.
89?????? ?????
- ????? ??????.
- ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????
????? ??? ???? ????? ?????. - ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????
?? ????? ? - ?????????? ???????? ???????.
- ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????
??????? ?????.
90???? ??? !