Gene Expression

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Gene Expression
??? ??.?????? ??????
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????????????????
Gene Expression

• ???????????????? (gene expression)
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????????

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tyrosine

• Sir A.E. Garrod
• Inborn error
• Alcaptonuria

Alcaptonuria
Homogentesic acid oxidase
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One gene - One metabolic block concept
One gene - One enzyme concept
One gene - One polypeptide concept
In future
?
One gene - One ... concept
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Gene Exprssion
one gene - one polypeptide concept.
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amino acid
peptide bond
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a-chain 2 ??? ???b -chain 2 ???
HbA
141 amino acid
146 amino acid
b -chain ?? HbS ?? amino acid ?????? 6 ??????????
glutamic acid ???? valine
HbS
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??????????????????? Protein synthesis
DNA
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RPROCARYOTE
REUCARYOTE
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???????????????? Transcription

• template strand
• RNA Polymerase
• Promotor
• Substrate - ribonucleoside triphosphate
• Terminator

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TEMPLATE STRAND

• ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ???????? template
  strand
• Template strand ????????????????????????????????
  ? ?????????????????????????????????? template
  strand ?????
• ????????????? Noncoding strand

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Non-coding strand
Coding strand
mRNA
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RNA Polymerase
??????????????????????????????? RNA
????? ribonucleoside triphosphate
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????????????? 5---gt3
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RNA Polymerase
???????????????????????? 5 ??? ??? a,a,b,b,w,s
??????????? haloenzyme
??????????????? DNA ???? ??? s ???????????
???????????????????? Core-enzyme
a,a,b,b,w
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RNA Polymerase
RNA polymerase in prokaryotes ????????????????
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Promotor site
?????????????? RNA Polymerase ????????? DNA
???????????????????????
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• Prokaryotic cell
• Pribnow box ???? -10 sequence
• -35 sequence

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• Eukaryotic cell
• TATA box ???? Hogness box ???? -25 sequence
• CAAT box ???? -70 sequence

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Ribonucleoside triphosphate
Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil
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Terminator
Rho protein
???????????????????????DNA ????????????????????
???????? inverted repeat sequence
5...AAAGGCTCC.3 RNA ????????????????????
????????? stem-loop structure
???????????????????????????????????transcription
Terminator sequence
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C-P-P-P
U-P-P-P
A-P-P-P
A U G C G G A U G
G-P-P-P
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transcription
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mRNA
RNA polymerase
DNA
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tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
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Transcription
ribosomal RNA
DNA
transfer RNA
messenger RNA
kProcaryote mRNA
kEucaryote pre- mRNA
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hnRNA
heterogenous nuclear mRNA
pre-mRNA
Posttranscriptional process
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Posttranscriptional process

• ??? intron ??? ????????????? exon ????????
• ???? 7-methyl guanosine ??????? 5 ???????? 5
  caps
• ???? adenylate mucleotides ?????? 200
  ?????????? 3 ???????? poly A tail
• ???????????????????????

• intron ?????????????????????????????????????????
• exon ???????????????????????????????????

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Posttranscriptional process
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