Terrestrial N Budget

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Terrestrial N Budget

• Natural Biological N Fixation 90 - 125
• Lightning
  5
• 
  95 - 130
• Inorganic N Fertilizer 90
• Crop N Fixation 32
• Fossil Fuel Fixation 25
• Industrial Uses 15
• 
  162

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1860
Galloway et al. 2004
1990s
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Terrestrial P Budget

• Weathering of P from Minerals 10 20
• Phosphorus in Fertilizer 19
• Industrial Uses of P
  0.8

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Bennett et al. 2001
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Fertilizer Use and Loss
N2O
N2
NO
NH3

Urea
Soil Organic Matter
NH4
NO3-
N2O
N2
Nitrification
Denitrification
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Nitrate change in the Mississippi River
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Agricultural sustainability in the Yaqui Valley
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Beman, Arrigo and Matson 2005
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Beman, Arrigo and Matson 2005
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Fertilizer Use and Loss
N2O
N2
NO
NH3

Urea
NH4
NO3-
Soil Organic Matter
NH4
NO3-
N2O
N2
Nitrification
Denitrification
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Anthropogenic
Gas
Source
Role
Ammonia
Vegetation Soils Agriculture Animals Biomass
Burning
69
Neutralizes precipitation Transports available N
Nitrogen Oxides
Soils Lightning Agriculture Fossil Fuel
Combustion Biomass Burning Aircraft
83
Regulates tropospheric ozone Precursor to
nitric acid Transports available N
Nitrous Oxides
Oceans Soils Agriculture Fossil Fuel
Combustion Industrial Processes
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Greenhouse gas Regulates stratospheric ozone
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1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
Year
Source IPCC Third Assessment Report, 2001
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Saving land for nature?
N Deposition
NOX
N2O
NO
NO3- Input to Marine
NO3- in Surface and Ground water
Upland Ecosystems
Cropping Systems
Urban
Marine and Coastal Ecosystems
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Yaqui Valley Human-Environment System
Climate ?
Policies?
Technology Resources ?
Bio Invasions ?
Markets ?
CO2 ?
Conservation NGOs
natural lands
Water
Agriculture
Aquaculture
Wetlands
Estuaries Fisheries
Urban
Industry
Fisheries Marine
Note institutions for each , but no
institutions for integrated system
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Agriculture and Ecosystem Services Options for
Maximizing Biodiversity Conservation and other
Services on Working Landscapes
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Balancing Agriculture and Other Demands for Water
Urban
Environmental
Water Resource
Wild Scenic Rivers
Industrial
Agriculture
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Regulation/ Policy
NGOs (e.g., Foundations)
Research
Secretary of Health
Universities
NGOs (e.g., CI, WWF, Red Fronteriza)
Secretary of Natural Resources
Secretary of Agriculture (State / Federal)
CIMMYT CGIAR centers
INIFAP / CIANO
Phytosanitary Committee Irrigation District
CONACYT
Financiera Rural
Credit Unions
Patronato (Farmer Research)
FIRA
Agro-industry (inputs)
Agriculture Knowledge System, Yaqui Valley 050610
AOASS
Private Banks
Agro-industry (Markets)
Practice
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