Acids and Bases

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Chapter 8.3 and 8.4

• Acids and Bases

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Acids

• Produce hydronium ions (H3O)
• Properties
• sour taste
• electrolytes
• corrosive (reactivity with metals)
• react with indicators
• Used to make fertilizers

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Common acids

• Sulfuric H2SO4
• Phosphoric H3PO4
• Nitric HNO3
• Hydrochloric HCl
• Carbonic H2CO3
• Acetic CH3COOH

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Acids

• Acids ionize in solution
• Red litmus paper stays red
• Blue litmus paper turns red Blue to RedAcid
• Acids are defined as proton donors

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Acids

• Dehydrating agent removes water (common is
  sulfuric acid)
• Pickling process removes oxides and other
  impurities from metal surfaces (common is HCl)

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Bases

• Produce hydroxide ions (OH-)
• Properties
• most crystalline solids
• Slippery, bitter taste
• corrosive
• electrolytes
• react with indicators
• Used to make fertilizers

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Common Bases

• Aluminum Hydroxide Al(OH)3
• Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2
• Magnesium Hydroxide Mg(OH)2
• Sodium Hydroxide NaOH
• Ammonia NH3

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Bases

• Bases dissociate in solution
• Red litmus paper turns blue
• Blue litmus paper stays blue
• Phenolphthalein is an indicator that turns pink
  in a base
• Bases are defined as proton acceptors

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pH

• pH is the Measure of the amount of H3O ion

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Strong versus Weak

• Strong Acid
• ionize almost completely
• pH range of 03
• Weak Acid
• ionize only slightly
• pH range of 3.06.99999

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Strong versus Weak

• Strong Base
• dissociate almost completely
• pH range of 1114
• Weak Base
• dissociate only slightly
• pH range of 7.111

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Neutralization Reactions

• Reaction between an acid and a base
• Products are a salt and water
• Acid Base ? Salt Water
• HCl NaOH?NaCl H2O
• Double replacement reaction

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Neutralization Reactions

• Salts are formed between an element in group 1A
  and in 7A
• Salts are formed between a metal and a polyatomic
  ion

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Common Salts

• Sodium chloride NaCl
• Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3
• Potassium Chloride KCl
• Potassium Iodide KI
• Calcium Carbonate CaCO3

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Soaps, Detergents, Ester

• Soaps made of fatty acid and inorganic base,
  Saponification is the process of making soap
• Detergent organic salts, does not form scum in
  hard water (hard water contains Ca, Mg, and Fe
• Ester organic compound formed by the reaction
  of an organic acid with an alcohol, responsible
  for odors and flavors