Sonnet

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Sonnet
The
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Rhythm in Poetry
The foot is the metrical unit by which a line of
poetry is measured it usually consists of
one stressed or accented ( / ) syllable
(morae)
and
one unstressed or unaccented (?) syllable
(mora)
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Rhythm in Poetry
Duple Meter
There are two main duple feet
Iambus (adj. iambic) ? ? /
Trochee (adj. trochaic) ? / ?
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Rhythm in Poetry
Triple Meter
There are two main triple feet
Anapest (adj. anapestic) ? ? ? /
Dactyl (adj. dactylic) ? / ? ?
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Rhythm in Poetry
iamb In after days when grasses
high
? / ? / ? / ? /
trochee Trip no further pretty
sweeting
/ ? / ? / ? / ?
anapest Very old are the woods
? ? / ? ? /
/ ? ? / ? ?
dactyl Bird of the wilderness
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Rhythm in Poetry
Meter Labels
one monometertwo dimeterthree trimeter
four tetrameterfive pentametersix hexam
eterseven heptametereight octameter

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Rhythm in Poetry
iamb In after days when grasses
high
? / ? / ? / ? /
4 iambs iambic tetrameter
trochee Trip no further pretty
sweeting
/ ? / ? / ? / ?
4 trochees trochaic tetrameter
anapest Very old are the woods
? ? / ? ? /
2 anapests anapestic dimeter
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Closed Form

• 14 lines

• iambic pentameter

• rhyme scheme

• usually about love

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Iambic Pentameter

• 10 syllables per line
• five iambs in a row
• unstressed syllable followed by a stressed
  syllable ( ? / )

? / ? / ? / ?
/ ? /
Shall I compare thee to a summers day?
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Iambic Pentameter
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun
Coral is far more red than her lips' red If
snow be white, why then her breasts are dun If
hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I
have seen roses damask'd, red and white, But no
such roses see I in her cheeks And in some
perfumes is there more delight Than in the
breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to
hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath
a far more pleasing sound I grant I never saw a
goddess go My mistress, when she walks, treads
on the ground And yet, by heaven, I think my
love as rare As any she belied with false
compare.
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Iambic Pentameter
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun
Coral is far more red than her lips' red If
snow be white, why then her breasts are dun If
hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10
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Iambic Pentameter WRENCHED ACCENT
( ? / )
unstressed
stressed
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Iambic Pentameter WRENCHED ACCENT
( ? / )
?
T O D A Y
?
IF I
?
R E F U S E
?
S W I M M I N G
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Iambic Pentameter A WRENCHED ACCENT is...
An alteration in the customary pronunciation of a
word, that is, a shift in word accent, to
accommodate the metrical accent in a line of
verse.
swimMING ? ? SWIMming
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Iambic Pentameter WRENCHED ACCENT
In English... ALL suffixes are UNSTRESSED
ly ed er ing es ness tion
all the rest
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Rhyme Scheme
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun Coral
is far more red than her lips' red If snow be
white, why then her breasts are dun If hairs be
wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen
roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses
see I in her cheeks And in some perfumes is
there more delight Than in the breath that from
my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet
well I know That music hath a far more pleasing
sound I grant I never saw a goddess go My
mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As
any she belied with false compare.
ababcdcdefefgg
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Rhyme Scheme
ababcdcdefefgg
abbaabbacdcdcd
abbaabbacdecde
Shakespearean Sonnet (English Sonnet)
Petrarchan Sonnet (Italian Sonnet)
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Rhyme Scheme
ababbcbccdcdee
ababccddeffegg
Spenserian Sonnet
Pushkin Sonnet
Can be read either as a variation of the Italian
form (two quatrains plus two tercets) or as the
English form (three quatrains plus a closing
couplet).
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Shakespearean Sonnet (English Sonnet)
Rhyme Scheme
ababcdcdefefgg
3 quatrains 1 couplet TURN (volta)
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Petrarchan Sonnet (Italian Sonnet)
Rhyme Scheme
abbaabbacdcdcd
abbaabbacdecde
1 octave (8 lines) 1 sestet (6 lines) (or 2
tercets) TURN (volta)
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Rhyme Scheme
Shakespearean Sonnet
My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun Coral
is far more red than her lips' red If snow be
white, why then her breasts are dun If hairs be
wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen
roses damask'd, red and white, But no such roses
see I in her cheeks And in some perfumes is
there more delight Than in the breath that from
my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet
well I know That music hath a far more pleasing
sound I grant I never saw a goddess go My
mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground
And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As
any she belied with false compare.
ababcdcdefefgg
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Rhyme Scheme
Shakespearean Sonnet
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Thou art
more lovely and more temperate Rough winds do
shake the darling buds of May, And summer's
lease hath all too short a date Sometime too
hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his
gold complexion dimm'd And every fair from fair
sometime declines, By chance or nature's
changing course untrimm'd But thy eternal
summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of
that fair thou owest Nor shall Death brag thou
wander'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to
time thou growest So long as men can breathe or
eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives
life to thee.
ababcdcdefefgg
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The Sonnet
- closed form - strict adherence to the rules
- 14 lines
- iambic pentameter
- rhyme scheme
- usually about love
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