Metabolism: Energy

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Metabolism Energy

• Chapter 6

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Energy

• Def capacity to perform work/ cause change
• Forms of energy
• Potential
• Stored energy, available for work
• Chemical
• Energy stored in chemical bonds
• Kinetic
• Energy of motion

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Potential Energy
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Potential Energy- Glycogen

• Branches keep glycogen soluble

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Kinetic Energy
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Cycle between Potential Kinetic Energy
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Principle of conservation of energy

• Thermodynamics is the study of energy
  transformations
• 1st law of thermodynamics
• Energy cannot be created nor destroyed
• Can be converted, transformed, transferred
  between different forms
• 2st law of thermodynamics
• E conversion is inefficient
• Lose energy as heat

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Metabolic Reactions

• Exergonic reactions
• Releases energy for work
• Endergonic reactions
• Consumes energy

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Adenosine Triphosphate- ATP

• Universal energy currency
• Primary energy transferring molecule
• Phosphate group attached by High energy bond
• Dis-attached phosphate aka organic phosphate
  releases energy used to run cellular processes

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Energy Cycling
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Cellular Energy Cycling- ATP Cycling
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Cellular Energy Use

• Mechanical work
• Beat cilia
• Transport work
• Move molecules against concentration gradient
• Chemical work
• Endergonic reaction (reactions that require E)
• Multi-tasking
• Energy coupling
• Couples an endergonic reaction with an exergonic
  reaction

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Chemical Reaction Categories

• Catabolic pathways
• Chemical pathways that are degradative
• Ex cellular respiration
• Anabolic pathways
• Chemical pathways that are biosynthetic
• Protein synthesis

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Metabolism

• Chemical reactions
• Series of reactions
• Many Require energy
• Activation energy
• Reliant on Enzymes

Reactants
Products
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

• Aka redox reactions
• Transfer of electron(s) from one reactant to
  another
• Transfer of H from sugar to O (H2O)
• Reduction Gain electron
• Oxidation Lose electron
• Oil rig
• Oxidation is loss of electrons
• Reduction is the gain of electrons
• Release of energy from electrons movement

ATP
(Electron Acceptor)
(Electron Donor)
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Energy released when Transfer of H from sugar to
O (H2O)
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Oxidation results in a release of energy
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Controlled Harvest of Energy
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Electron Transport Chain

• Process used by both cellular respiration
  photsynthesis
• Controlled harvest of energy
• Electron transport chain
• Series of membrane proteins chemical reactions
  (redox) creates h gradient

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High Potential Energy
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Chemiosmosis

• Potential energy from H ion gradient is released
  to produce ATP
• ATP synthase membrane protein opens, allowing H
  ions to move through membrane
• Kinetic energy is harvested to add P back onto
  ADP to produce ATP