Christopher Columbus

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Christopher Columbus

• No authentic contemporary portrait of Columbus
  has been found. This portrait of Christopher
  Columbus, in the Sala de los Almirantes, Royal
  Alcazar, Seville, was painted by Alejo Fernández
  between 1505 and 1536. It is the only state
  sponsored portrait of the First Admiral of the
  Indies.

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The Reconquista

• (Reconquest) refers
• to the expulsion of Muslims
• and Jews from the
• Iberian Peninsula (Spain and
• Portugal) by King Ferdinand
• and Queen Isabella
• Ended in 1492.

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The Christians called Santiago their protector
saint (todayhe is still the patron of Spain)
under the rubric ofSantiago Matamoros ("St.
James the Moor-killer").
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Muslim Spain (al-Andalus)

• Cordoba, the riches most sophisticated city in
  the Western Europe.
• Tolerance for People of the Book
• Universities, libraries, gardens, beautiful
  architecture

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The Umayyads of Cordoba (Spain)
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The Alahambra, 1248-1354
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Court of the Lions, Alahambra

• Granada in
• Al Andalus
• Last stronghold of
• The Moors in Iberia.
• Isabelle and
• Feridnand, 1492

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Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494

• Divided the world outside of Europe in an
  exclusive duopoly between the Spanish and the
  Portuguese along a north-south meridian 370
  leagues (1100 miles) west of the Cape Verde
  islands (off the west coast of Africa).
• The lands to the east would belong to Portugal
  and the lands to the west to Spain. The treaty
  was ratified by Spain, July 2, and by Portugal,
  September 5, 1494
• The Pope sanctioned this treaty with the
  authority of the Roman Catholic church and
  ordered Christians to go forth and convert all
  native peoples in this region.

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Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494
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The Columbian Exchange
The global transfer of germs, seeds, plants,
foods, human populations, and ideas between the
Eastern and Western Hemispheres that occurred
after 1492. In 1492, Christopher Columbus'
first voyage launched an era of large-scale
contact between the Old and the New World that
resulted in this ecological revolution.
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The Exchange
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FOODS EXCHANGED New World avocado beans
chili pepper cocoa / chocolate maize (corn)
manioc (cassava) peanut potato rubber squash
(incl. pumpkin) sweet potato tobacco tomato
yams
Old World black pepper , bananas, coffee,
cotton Oats, onion, rice, rye, sugar , wheat
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New World Beasts alpaca dog fowl (a few
species) guinea pig llama turkey
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Small Pox and Syphilis
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Small pox
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Syphilis
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• King
• Ferdinand
• Directing
• Columbus, 1493

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• http//www.civilization.ca/aborig/stones/engfrm.ht
  m

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Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther
• Germanic kingdom
• 16th Century
• Attempt to reform Catholic
• Church corruption, scandal