BIOENERGETICS

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BIOENERGETICS
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What is Bioenergetics?

• The study of energy in living systems
  (environments) and the organisms (plants and
  animals) that utilize them

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Energy

• Required by all organisms
• May be Kinetic or Potential energy

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Kinetic Energy

• Energy of Motion
• Heat and light energy are examples

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Potential Energy

• Energy of position
• Includes energy stored in chemical bonds

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Two Types of Energy Reactions
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Endergonic Reactions

• Chemical reaction that requires a net input of
  energy.
• Photosynthesis
• 6CO2 6H2O ? C6H12O6 6O2

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Exergonic Reactions

• Chemical reactions that releases energy
• Cellular Respiration
• C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O

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Metabolic Reactions of Cells
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What is Metabolism?

• The sum total of the chemical activities of all
  cells.

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Two Types of Metabolism

• Anabolic Pathways
• Catabolic Pathways

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Anabolic Pathway

• Metabolic reactions, which consume energy
  (endergonic), to build complicated molecules from
  simpler compounds.
• Photosynthesis
• 6CO2 6H2O ? C6H12O6 6O2

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Catabolic Pathway

• Metabolic reactions which release energy
  (exergonic) by breaking down complex molecules in
  simpler compounds
• Cellular Respiration
• C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O

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Cellular Energy - ATP
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ATP

• Components
• 1. adenine nitrogenous base
• 2. ribose five carbon sugar
• 3.phosphate group chain of 3

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Adenosine Triphosphate

• Three phosphate groups-(two with high energy
  bonds
• Last phosphate group (PO4) contains the MOST
  energy

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Breaking the Bonds of ATP

• Process is called phosphorylation
• Occurs continually in cells
• Enzyme ATP-ase can weaken break last PO4 bond
  releasing energy free PO4

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How does ATP work ?

• Organisms use enzymes to break down energy-rich
  glucose to release its potential energy
• This energy is trapped and stored in the form of
  adenosine triphosphate(ATP)

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How Much ATP Do Cells Use?

• It is estimated that each cell will generate and
  consume approximately 10,000,000 molecules of ATP
  per second

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Coupled Reaction - ATP

• The exergonic hydrolysis of ATP is coupled with
  the endergonic dehydration process by
  transferring a phosphate group to another
  molecule.

ATP
H2O
ADP P
H2O
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Hydrolysis of ATP

• ATP H2O ? ADP P (exergonic)

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Hyrolysis is Exergonic
Energy Used by Cells
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Dehydration of ATP

• ADP P ? ATP H2O (endergonic)

Dehydration(Remove H2O
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Dehydration is Endergonic
Energy is restored in Chemical Bonds
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Review
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How many high energy phosphate bonds does ATP
have?
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Which is true of photosyntheis?
Anabolic or Catabolic
Exergonic Or Endergonic
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The breakdown of ATP is due to
Dehydration or Hydrolysis
H2O added or H2O removed
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Which Reactions are often Coupled in Organisms
BOTH
Hydrolysis or Dehydration
BOTH
Anabolism or Catabolism
BOTH
Endergonic or Exergonic
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