Exploration of the New World

1
Exploration of the New World

• Lure of Exploration
• Wealth
• Expand Empires (land)
• Bring the Word (The Mission)
• Tales of Adventure

1492 Columbus
2
Exploring America

• Line of Demarcation 1493 Pope Splits the World in
  half between Spain/ Portugal
• Treaty of Tordesillas Line negotiated between the
  two countries that allows Portugal to lay claim
  to lands in South America.
• The Settling of Spanish America 1535-1800

3
Prince Henry (1394-1460)

• Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal never
  actually sailed on any of the voyages of
  discovery he sponsored. He helped established a
  school for the study of the arts of navigation,
  mapmaking, and shipbuilding. This would allow
  sailors to better guide their ships and to come
  up with new ship designs
• New Inventions
• Astrolabe
• Compass
• Caravel (New Ships)
• (He sponsored expeditions of discovery in the
  Atlantic Ocean, down the western coast of
  Africa.)

4
Conquering of America

• 1519- Hernando Cortes- Conquerors of the Aztec
• 1535 Francisco Pizzarro Conquerors of the Inca
• 1530 Mayans

5
Map of Spanish Exploration and Early Colonization
Activities in North America, 1513-1607.
6
Spanish Settlements

• . Missions
• 150 Missions founded in the new world.
• Bringing Faith to the Natives!
• Presidios- Fort to protect Spanish claims

• Mexico City
• St. Augustine-Fla.
• Santa Fe
• San Francisco Bay

7
Spanish Plantation Society Hacienda-
Plantation Systems Enconmienda Land grant (Use
Natives in area to work farm) Repartimiento Distri
buted Natives to work farms Colonial Population
Peninsulares Spaniards born in the old
world that lived in the New
World. Creoles Spaniards born in
Spain Mestizos Mixes race of Spanish and
Native Americans. Mullatoes Mixed race
of African and Spanish Zamboes Mixed
races of Native and African. Peons Most in
society who were Landless or Laborers
Governing Spanish Colonies Viceroys (Mexico and
Peru)
8
1588 Spanish Armada is defeated

• England owns the open ocean
• North West Passage
• Control of new trade routes to Asia
• Creation of Nations Rivalries
• Battle for Trade Routes
• Power Prestige

9
Exploration of North America

• England- Eastern Seaboard
• French- St. Lawrence Rive Valley, Nova Scotia,
  and parts of modern Canada
• Spain-South, Central and Western North America

10
English Colonization of the New World

• Roanoke Island
• Early failure at Roanoke Island (1587-1588)
• Sir Walter Raleigh
• Charter of 1066 (James I)
• Allows for the organization and settling of
  Jamestown, Virginia
• Protestant Reformation (1517)
• Drawn out conflicts between groups and countries.

11
Investing in the New World

• Joint-Stock- Companies
• Investors (Modern Corp.)
• 1607 Jamestown
• London Company
• Captain John Smith
• Labor Shortages
• Indentured Servants
• Slaves